12．Believe it or not，optical illusion（視錯覺） can cut highway crashes．
Japan is a case in point．It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75percent using a simple optical illusion．But stripes，called chevrons（人字形），painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down．
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan's success．Starting next year，the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes．
Too great speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents，according to the foundation．To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks are the greatest curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges．Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars（水平桿）painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half．However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars．
Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower．The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents．

36．The passage mainly discussesD．
A．a(chǎn) new type of optical illusion
B．a(chǎn) new pattern for painting highways
C．a(chǎn) new way of training drivers
D．a(chǎn) new way of highway speed control
37．On roads painted with chevrons，drivers tend to feel thatB．
A．they should avoid speed-related danger
B．they should slow down their speed
C．they are driving in the wrong side
D．they are coming near to the speed limit
38．Compared with straight，horizontal bars，what is the advantage of chevrons？A
A．They will have a longer effect on drivers B．They can cut road accidents in half
C．They will look more attractive D．They can keep drivers awake
39．The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans toD．
A．repeat the Japanese road patterns
B．change the road signs across the country
C．replace straight，horizontal bars with chevrons
D．try out the Japanese method in certain areas
40．What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted across roads？C
A．They are suitable only on broad roads．
B．They are falling out of use in the United States．
C．They are ignored in a long period of time．
D．They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles．

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們講述的是一種新型的可以控制汽車速度的方式，為了控制車速，減少交通事故，美國決定在公路上畫人字形標(biāo)志，它可以讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達(dá)到控制車速的目的，然而，當(dāng)司機習(xí)慣于看到畫桿時，行駛速度常在數(shù)月內(nèi)返回到全速．

解答 36．D．主旨大意題，通讀全文，我們可以知道，在高速公路上畫各種線是為了讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達(dá)到控制車速的目的，文章講述的是一種新型的可以控制公路速度的方式；故選D．
37．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第二段painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving fasterthan they really are，畫上的道路讓司機覺得他們駕駛他們真的更快，因此司機慢下來，可知司機會減速；故選B．
38．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章最后一段The result is a longer lasting reduction of highway speed and thenumber of traffic accidents可知，人字形線比直線、平等線對控制車速有更長久的影響；故選A．
39．D．推理判斷題，根據(jù)文章第三段Now the American Automobile Association Foundations For TrafficSafety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan's success，現(xiàn)在在華盛頓特區(qū)的美國汽車協(xié)會為了交通安全正在計劃效仿日本的成功的例子，可知美國要學(xué)習(xí)日本的方式；故選D．
40．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars．"然而，當(dāng)司機習(xí)慣于看到畫桿時行駛速度常在數(shù)月內(nèi)返回到全速；故選C．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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