Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red,why are veins (靜脈) blue? Actually,veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear,yellowish color.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body,when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin,it's more of a dark reddish purple color.At the right depth,these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin,making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder,your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise,and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But,in the long run,your brain probably tips it,because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart,and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out,and why don't they grow back in grown-ups? Baby (or"milk") teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger,stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall our when they become damaged,decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in,you're done.When they're gone,they are gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life,and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But,when they do,it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力).Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3-4cm in height as they age,while women may lose 5cm or more.If you live to be 200years old,would you keep shrinking till you were,like 60cm tall,like a little boy again?No,because old people don't really shrink!It is not that they are growing backwards-their legs,arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter,it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or,more often,become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩暈的)? Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear,which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable.But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control,and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not. Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area-from mice to dogs,cats,and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear,pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other,newer bits of the brain,we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet. If exercise wears you out,how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned,it's"use it,or lose it"!It's not that exercise makes you healthy,it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.(596words) |
分析 文章從科學(xué)的角度解釋了幾個人們普遍感到困惑的問題.比如,為什么血液是紅色的而血管卻呈現(xiàn)出深藍色呢?為什么牙齒會掉而且成年后不再長出新的牙齒呢?為什么人老了身高就變矮了呢?讀了這篇文章以后,你就會恍然大悟.
解答 46.答案:D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段第二句"Although blood looks red when it's outside the body,when it's sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin,it's more of a dark reddish purple color."可知在靠近皮膚表層的血管里,血液是紫紅色.
47.答案:D.細節(jié)理解題.從第八段的"when they do get shorter,it's not because the spine has shortened a little.Or more often,become more bent and curved."可知老年人變矮不是因為他們的脊柱變短,更多的原因是因為他們的脊柱變彎曲.A選項的內(nèi)容文中沒有提及;B選項不符合文中的內(nèi)容They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力);C選項的內(nèi)容與文中的描述相反.
48.答案:A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段最后一句"But in the long run,your brain probably tips it,because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart,and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it."可知我們可以推斷從長遠看來,大腦要比心臟工作更多.通過第五段最后一句"But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control,and your brain thinks you'removing while you're not"可知當我們突然停止旋轉(zhuǎn)時才會感到眩暈,所以B項錯誤;通過第六段最后一句"But since human feelings also involve other,newer bits of the brain,we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet."可知C,D兩項錯誤.
49.答案:B.推理判斷題.本篇的寫作意圖就是讓我們了解我們的身體,為我們提供一些基本的信息,故B項正確.
點評 科教類閱讀主要考查學(xué)生對書面語篇的整體領(lǐng)悟能力和接受及處理具體信息的能力.
做題時要做到幾點:瀏覽文章以確定文章的體裁;然后挖掘寓意,掌握中心思想,推出結(jié)論;把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu),利用上下文進行推測.
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