Question

                               B 

            Many doctors know the story of Mr Wright .In 1957 he was diagnosed(診斷) with cancer,and given only days to live. He heard that scientists had discovered a new medication, Krebiozen, which was effective against cancer and he begged the doctor to give it to him. His physician,Dr Philip West finally agreed. After Mr Wright had been given an injection on a Friday afternoon,the astonished doctor found his patient out of his “death bed”.

            Two months later,Mr Wright read medical reports that the medication was fake. His condition immediately got worse again. “Don’t believe what you read in the papers,” the doctor told Mr Wright. Then he injected him with what he said was “a new super-refined double strength” version of the drug. Actually,there was no drug,just a mix of salt and water. Later,Mr Wright was the picture of health for another two months until he read an official report saying that Krebiozen was worthless. He died two days later.

             This story has gone unnoticed by doctors for a long time and the idea that a patient's beliefs can make a disease go away has been thought of as too strange. But now scientists are discovering that the placebo effect(寬慰作用) is more powerful than anyone has ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such unbelievable results are achieved. Through new techniques of brain imagery,it can be shown that a thought,a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the body. Scientists are learning that some body reactions are not caused by information coming into the brain from the outside world,but by what the brain expects to happen next.

              Placebos are “l(fā)ies that heal”，said Dr Anne Harrington,a historian of science at Harvard University. “The word ‘placebo’ is Latin for ‘I shall please’ and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to anxious patients to please them,” she said. “It looks like medication,but has no healing ingredients whatsoever.^"”

25. After being injected Krebiozen for the first time,Mr Wright.

   A. got cancer    B. almost died

   C. felt better   D. gave up What caused

26. Mr Wright's death according to the story?

   A. The fake drug.

   B. His own beliefs.

   C. His damaged brain.

   D. The doctor's wrong diagnosis.

27. What's the purpose of Paragraph 3 ?

   A. To explore the biology of human brains.

   B. To explain why people get cancer.

   C. To analyse how placebos work.

   D. To question Mr Wright's story.

28. What does Dr Anne Harrington think of the placebo effect?

   A. It is limited.

   B. It is effective.

   C. It can cheat patients.

   D. It goes against science.

Answer 1

25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B

B篇(科普知識(shí))

本文是說(shuō)明文。多年來(lái)被忽視的寬慰作用被證實(shí)是有效的。

25. C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的the astonished doctor found his patient out of his “death bed” 和第二段的 Mr Wright was the picture of health for another two months可知，第一次注射 Krebiozen后，身患癌癥的萊特先生恢復(fù)了健康。

26. B. 推理判斷題。由第一、二段可知，不知情的萊特先生注射了Krebiozen并得到醫(yī)生的寬慰后奇跡般地好了，但得知醫(yī)生給他注射的藥物被官方證實(shí)是假的后他很快就死了，由此可知，真正導(dǎo)致他死亡的原因其實(shí)是他自己的信念。

27. C. 段落大意題。由第三段料學(xué)家對(duì)寬慰作用的研究可知，本段旨在解釋信念 這樣的安慰劑是如何對(duì)人起作用的。

28. B. 推理判斷題。最后一段Dr Anne Harrington說(shuō)寬慰劑是一種起治愈作用 的謊言，并作為一種治療方法用于開(kāi)導(dǎo)焦慮的病人，故推測(cè)她認(rèn)為寬慰作用是

有效的。