（2011·湖北卷）B

     Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.

     One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.

    Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” for Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? ——Why do welves howl for sure?

What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering.

 Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll rall”where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.

55.What the por similarity between wolves’ how humaes ting in chorus?

A.The act of calling each other.

B.the sense of accomplishment.

C.The act of hunting for something.

D.The sense of belonging to a group.

56.Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?

A.Wolves separate from each other after howling.

B.Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.

C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.

D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.

57.Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.

A.show their ranks

B.

C.repotr the missing ones

D.express their lonelingess

58.“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_______.

A.howling is a signal for hunting

B.howling is a way of communication

C.howling aften occurs in the morning

D.howling spreads from one to another

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

（2011·湖北卷）A

Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. Of course, this didin’t include her when she told me that if I didn’t eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out and wouldn’t give me any presents.

But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, Or so I thought.

I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon was brought in when his baby was faound very swollen. I took a medical history from his daughter would accompanied him in the ambulance. She’d been his main carer for years. I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history. “Has he lost any weight recently?” I asked, “Well, it’s funny you should mention that, but yes.” She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. “Why? What are you worried about?” she asked, I hesitated. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth. “Well, we need to prove it’s not cancer.” I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.

Half an hour later, a nurse called me: “Mr. McMahon’s daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer.” My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. “Why on carch did you do that?” she asked to disbelief. I looked at her andbit my hp. “She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.” I said, hanging my head. “And give her more to worry about?” replied my consultant. “You don’t say the word ‘cancer’ until it’s confirmed. Even if you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people.”

As it turned out, it wasn’t cancer. But I did learn that when somecone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in what they hear－and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I’d made the situation worse.

51.The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author        .

A. misunderstood the doctor-patient relationship

B. was anxious to receive Christmas gifts

C. regarded honesty as the best policy

D. had an unhealthy eating habit

52.The author’s consultant was angry with him because         .

A. he told the daughter what he suspected.

B. he delayed running the necessary tests.

C. he failed to confirm the parent’s disease.

D. he forgot what the consultant had advised.

53．The author hung his head (the underlined part in Para.4) because he was feeling     .

A. guilty

B. hurt

C. disappointed

D. helpless

54.What lesson has the author learnt from his experience?

A. Learning form parents is necessary.

B. Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.

C. Telling the truth may not always be the best solution.

D. Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy.

  

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

（2011·湖北卷）D

Feeling blue about world ? “Cheer up.” Says science writer Matt Ridley.”The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature.”

Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist—tactical .because he’s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic .because that   offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good .And this is what he’s set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting  .He views mankind as grand enterprise that .on the whole .has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.

Here’s how he explains his views.

Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty .our own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

2) Brilliant advances

 One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.

3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel(化石燃料) electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet(止血帶) around our necks.

63. What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book?

A. Weakness of human nature.

B. Concern about climate change.

C. Importance of practical thinking.

D. Optimism about human progress.

64. How does Ridley look at shopping?

   A. It encourages the creation of things.

   B. It results in shortage of goods.

   C. It demands more fossil fuels.

   D. It causes a poverry problem.

65. The candle and lamp example is used to show that     .

   A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

   B. shortening working time brings about a happier life.

   C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles.

   D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.

66. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

   A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

   B. Overreaction to cliamate change may be dangerous.

   C. People’s health is closely related to climate change.

   D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

（2011·湖北卷）E

Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mement—your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet.

In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay by phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO America’s consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the midlit.

Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)market. Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合資企業(yè))that will go into opention over the next i15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”

The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance, what’s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “We’re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a password to be enteced for larger putchases.

Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely ned Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isn’t.

67.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?

A.The expansion of cellphone companices.

B. The boom of pay by phone business.

C. The dissppearanceof credit cards.

D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s

68.The NFC technology can be used to________.

A. ensure the safety of shoppers

B. collect transaction fees easily

C. make purchase faster  and smpler

D. improve the quality of cellphones

69.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to__________.

A. strengthen their relationship

B .get a share in the payments industry

C .sell more cellphones

D. test the NFC teehnoingy

70.According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones?

A. Stop the luneting of niet phones.

B .Stop a passwant.

C .Cat all the money out of their phones.

D. Can large purchases.

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