8.Many people think of the brain as a mystery.They don't know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is,many people believe that a person is born smart,average,or dumb---and stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle---it changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone knows that when you lift weights,your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who can't lift 20pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100pounds after working out for a long time.That's because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising,the muscles shrink and you get weaker.That's why people say"Use it or lose it!"
But most people don't know that when they practice and learn new things,parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.Inside the cortex(皮層) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells,called neurons.The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network.Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.When you learn new things,these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn,the more your brain cells grow.Then,things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do----like speaking a foreign language----seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger,smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals'brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more"perspicacious"-----they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
71.According to the first paragraph,C.
A.our brain can remember many more things than we think
B.until now it's impossible to explain the brain's mystery
C.many people believe one's intelligence is naturally determined
D.scientists are carrying out many experiments to study intelligence
72.Training muscles is compared toA.
A.developing the brain
B.doing physical exercise
C.remembering things
D.learning a new language
73.What is Paragraph 3mainly about?D
A.How scientists find the secrets of the brain.
B.How changes in the muscles affect the brain.
C.The importance of the brain.
D.How the brain works.
74.What does the underlined word"perspicacious"in the last paragraph probably mean?B
A.strong
B.smart
C.popular
D.a(chǎn)ctive
75.The following paragraph will most probably talk aboutC.
A.differences between animals'brains and humans'brains
B.the right environment to raise animals
C.scientists'findings about animals'brains
D.a(chǎn)nimals'development throughout history.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)能促進(jìn)大腦的發(fā)育,正如經(jīng)常鍛煉能使肌肉更強(qiáng)健一樣.
解答 71.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段中的"many people believe that a person is born smart,average,or dumb-and stays that way in the whole life"可知很多人認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的智力是天生決定的;故選C.
72.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中的"But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle-it changes and gets stronger when you use it."可知訓(xùn)練肌肉被用于比較大腦的發(fā)展;故選A.
73.D.段落大意題.根據(jù)第三段But most people don't know that when they practice and learn new things,parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise可知本段詳細(xì)描述了大腦如何通過練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)新事物而發(fā)生變化,從而變得更敏捷;故選D.
74.B.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的"they were better at solving problems and learning new things"可知,該詞應(yīng)為"敏銳的"之意;故選B.
75.C.推理判斷題.最后一段They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more"perspicacious"-----they were better at solving problems and learning new things提出科學(xué)家是從研究動(dòng)物的大腦得出的結(jié)論,因此下一段最可能進(jìn)一步描述這些研究成果;故選C.
點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.