Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.

Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.

The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.

The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.

The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.

However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.

“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實(shí)的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”

1.Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.

A. depression among bus drivers is common

B. thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency

C. bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient

D. the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood

2.According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?

A. It is good for the business but bad for the employees.

B. It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive.

C. It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US.

D. It causes more harm to women than men.

3.We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.

A. people should be true to their feelings

B. smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient

C. it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions

D. deep acting can improve mood in the long run

4.The article is mainly about ______.

A. the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact

B. a new study on fake smiling and its influence on people

C. suggestions on improving work efficiency

D. how to cheer up when you are exhausted

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2014-2015學(xué)年北京市高三上學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

Tony couldn’t remember ______he had turned off the computer before he left the office．

A．thatB．where

C．whenD．whether

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆新疆兵團(tuán)農(nóng)二師華山中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Louis invited his friends to lunch one day. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1. (find) that he had run out of salt. So Louis called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 2. too little.”

His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3. not save a bit of money?”

“That would be a very 4. (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Louis said.

Louis’s guests, 5. had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Louis replied, “The only reason why a man would sell sale 6. a lower price would be that he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect __7.__ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it”

“But such a small thing couldn’t 8. (possible) destroy a village.”

“In the beginning, there was only 9. very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10. (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆寧夏大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Button, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交響樂(lè)團(tuán)). It became fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.

At the Same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.

Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.

A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.

1.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

A. To bring Europe together again.

B. To honor heroes of World War II.

C. To introduce young theatre groups.

D. To attract great artists from Europe.

2.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

A. They owned a public house there.

B. They came to take up a challenge.

C. They thought they were also famous.

D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

3.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?

A. Popular writers.

B. University students.

C. Artists from around the world.

D. Performers of music and dance.

4.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival .

A. has become a non-official event

B. has gone beyond an art festival

C. gives shows all year round

D. keeps growing rapidly

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆湖南衡陽(yáng)縣第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夾). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互記憶)"

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

1.What can we learn about the first experiment?

A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

B. The first group didn’t know where the information is.

C. The two groups remembered the information equally well.

D. The second group had a better memory of the information.

2.In transactive memory, people ______.

A. know how to access huge amounts of information later.

B. learn how to organize small amounts of information.

C. organize huge quantities of information like a computer.

D. bear huge quantities of information in mind.

3.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

A. We are becoming more intelligent.

B. We are using memory differently.

C. We have poorer memories than before.

D. We need a better way to access information.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江西鉛山一中橫峰中學(xué)兩校高二上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：書(shū)面表達(dá)

假設(shè)你是育才中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語(yǔ)演講比賽 (speech contest)．希望附近某大學(xué)的外籍教師Smith女士來(lái)做評(píng)委。請(qǐng)參照以下比賽通知給她寫(xiě)一封信。

英語(yǔ)演講比賽

主題：人與自然

時(shí)間：6月15日下午2：00－5：00

地點(diǎn)：501教室

參賽選手：10名學(xué)生

聯(lián)系人：李華（電話44876655）

歡迎大家光臨

注意：詞數(shù)100左右。

【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】?jī)?nèi)容要點(diǎn)：一、自我介紹； 二、邀請(qǐng)做評(píng)委； 三、演講主題；

四、 比賽時(shí)間； 五、參賽選手； 六、聯(lián)系方式。

注：信中無(wú)需出現(xiàn)比賽地點(diǎn)，但寫(xiě)出亦不扣分。

Dear Ms. Smith,

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

With best wishes,

Li Hua

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江蘇無(wú)錫市四校高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

The machine might break down someday in the future, ____, you can dial this number for help.

A. in that case B. in what case

C. in which case D. in whose case

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆山西大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三10月月考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body — the brain.

It may be surprising to learn that it isn’t age that makes you lose your memory. The reason could be that you have a "lazy" memory, not an old one. Like your body your memory improves with exercise. Once given plenty of exercise, the brain keeps its power. Before discussing how to improve the memory, let’s look at how the brain works. There are two sides to the brain, the left and the right. The right side deals with the senses (what we see, hear, feel and smell). It's the creative and imaginative side. The left side is concerned with logic. It analyzes information and puts it in order.

Some recent research suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. The problem most of us has is recalling events. Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After a month, 80% has been forgotten, and so on.

This shows revision is very important. If you revise new material you have learnt, you remember much more. So it's of vital importance to revise newly learned material often, and have frequent breaks. We best remember what we learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, revise what was learned before the break and then continue learning the new material. These breaks should happen every 20 or 45 minutes.

Other experiments have shown the brain needs time to "digest" what has been learned. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After the break, the memory will have absorbed what it has just learned, and more will be remembered. During this period it is important to exercise the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during the learning period. Therefore you should relax. Listening to music, breathing in fresh air, and looking at a picture are all ways of using the other side of the brain. So when you are studying alone, make a plan which shows when to have breaks and to revise newly learned material immediately before you begin studying again. If you do in this way, your memory will improve.

1.According to the text, you lose your memory by ________.

A. getting too old B. hardly using your brain

C. working too hard D. using your brain too much

2.To fight forgetting effectively, we're advised to ________.

A. go back to what was learned regularly

B. break down materials into small pieces

C. focus on both ends of a learning period

D. take breaks to give the brain a good rest

3. During the learning process the brain need breaks to ________.

A. use the right side of the brain

B. revise newly learnt materials

C. take in what has been learnt

D. relax the left side of the brain

4.Where is this text most probably taken from?

A. Science fictions. B. Students’ literature.

C. An advertisement. D. A science report.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆重慶市高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

Less is more. This is why we say reduce things by half instead of doubling them, get rid of junks instead of piling them up, slow down instead of .

When you concentrate on one task, you find you have that you didn’t even know you had. The pressure at work is on the rise. In the past, the expectations were among all the family members. But now, in the family, the expectations are now concentrated on the individual(個(gè)體) partner. If you feel 24 hours per day are not enough, it is not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. The is very simple: Refuse to accept so much work. People tend to forget that one who can deal with stress well is given more work—until one day he .

Pay careful attention to the that tell you that you are under more stress than you can handle. They may come from various areas of life. You weak, or your work efficiency decreases. If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and reduce some work.

1.A.speeding up B. giving up C. bringing up D. putting up

2.A.possibility B. force C. energy D. excuse

3.A.shared B. taken C. realized D. achieved

4.A.rich B. urban C. modern D. large

5.A.alternative B. process C. problem D. solution

6.A.cuts down B. breaks down C. holds up D. turns down

7.A.orders B. signs C. principles D. features

8.A.switch B. grow C. predict D. change

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案