______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A．FailB．Failed
C．To failD．Having failed
D

試題分析：考查分詞做狀語。本題的動詞fail與句子主語we之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，且沒有打通電話發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。句意：因為沒有打通他們的電話，我們就發(fā)了一封郵件。故D正確。
點評：當(dāng)分詞做狀語的時候，如果構(gòu)成分詞的動詞與句子的主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，就使用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語；當(dāng)二者構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，使用過去分詞做狀語。如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，就使用分詞的完成式。如果分詞與句子的主語沒有關(guān)系，可以使用狀語從句或者獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
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