Question

The preventive measures for forest fires include some preemptive(搶先)methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread，and thus, maintain ecological balance and protect resources．Close monitoring of forest fires caused by natural factors can help prevent their spread to a large extent．To contain forest fires，fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants(抑制劑)that can be dropped from planes and helicopters．To control the spread of a wildfire．firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it．

Controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel buildup，and clean up the fallen leaves，and thus，prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area．Regular controlled burns can also help maintain biodiversity(生物多樣性)，as the smoke and heat produced in the process can facilitate(促進)the growth of seeds of certain plant species．Apart from these，responsible human behavior can help reduce the number of forest fires to a great extent．In fact，we can reduce the number of wildfires dramatically by not leaving behind any source of fire in the forest.

Forest fires can affect climate and weather to a great extent，besides causing severe damage to valuable trees．Wildfires can increase the level of greenhouse gases(water vapor, carbon dioxide，etc)，and therefore increase pollution and global warming．However, they are also an important part of the ecosystem，and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction．But large wildfires can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem，which again highlights the importance of effective control and prevention of forest fires·

1.What may be the best title for this passage?

A．Control and Prevention of Forest Fires

B．How to Keep Ecological Balance

C．Effects of Forest Fires

D．Methods of Fire Spread Control

2.Firefighters get rid of all fuel in all area in order to ____________．

A．keep close monitoring of forest fires

B．prevent the forest fire from occurring

C．protect the animals there

D．stop the wildfire from spreading

3.The government arranges some controlled burns to_______________．

A．burn the rubbish and keep the forest clean

B．help keep ecological balance of nature

C．reduce fuel buildup and limit forest fires spread

D．provide reasonable conditions for some plants’growth

4.A controlled forest fire may play a positive role because ________________.

A．a(chǎn) new forest will appear soon

B．it promotes the development of some seeds

C．nature keeps its balance only by wildfires

D．it makes the trees grow faster than before

5.The last paragraph tells us that _______________．

A．the greenhouse gases are caused mainly by wildfires

B．wildfires have both positive and negative effects

C．people should be aware of the necessity of wildfires

D．a(chǎn)ll the valuable trees disappear owing to wildfires

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.B

5.B

【解析】森林火災(zāi)預(yù)防有助于減少損失，確保生態(tài)平衡。森林火災(zāi)的危害不言而喻，但控制的燃燒既有助于控制火災(zāi)損失，還有助于保持生物多樣性。

1.A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段The preventive measures for forest fires include some preemptive(搶先)methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread，and thus, maintain ecological balance and protect resources．可知文章從對林火的預(yù)防和發(fā)生后如何控制兩方面做了介紹，所以A項最能全面概括文章內(nèi)容。

2.2】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段最后一句“…control the spread of a wildfire, firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it.”得知消防人員清除掉所有的可燃物是為了阻止火勢的蔓延。故D正確。

3.3】C

【試題解析】 細節(jié)理解題。從第二段“…and thus, prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area”得知政府這樣做是為了阻止森林大火向其他地區(qū)的蔓延。故C正確。

4.4】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)理解題。從第二段“controlled burns can also help maintain biodiversity”以及最后一段“and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction”得知在某種程度上很多植物從大火中得到了一定的好處。故B 正確。

5.5】B

【試題解析】推理歸納題。該段介紹了林火的危害：affect climate and weather，increase the level of greenhouse gases，cause extensive damage to the ecosystem等；但也有積極的一面：they are also an important part of the ecosystem。所以B項客觀得對forest fires做了表述。

【長難句解析】

1.To contain forest fires，fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants(抑制劑)that can be dropped from planes and helicopters．

【翻譯】為了控制森林火災(zāi)，防火部門經(jīng)常使用水火災(zāi)從飛機或者直升飛機上噴灑的化學(xué)物質(zhì)大火抑制劑。

【分析】本句中的不定式to contain forest fires在句中做目的狀語，另外本句中有一個定語從句that can be dropped from planes and helicopters修飾前面的先行詞chemical fire retardants。

2. But large wildfires can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem，which again highlights the importance of effective control and prevention of forest fires·

【翻譯】但是猛烈的野火會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來更深層次的破壞，這又一次說明了控制與預(yù)防森林火災(zāi)的重要性。

【分析】本句中的定語從句較為特殊，which指代前面一句話的內(nèi)容，在后面的非限制性定語從句中做主語，是不能省略的。同時這里的which也不能換成that，因為that是不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的。