Vienna——In spite of Iraq’s decision to stop oil deliveries, the 11- nation Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（OPEC）will not increase production to make up the shortfall, ministers decided Tuesday in Vienna.

    The 11 oil ministers decided to meet again on July 3 to discuss the effects of the Iraq temporary stop. The organization’s president, Charkid Kheria of Algeria, said after the meeting that stocks were high and prices were stable, so quota increases were not necessary.

    The E.U. Commission has expressed concern about Iraq’s output stop. A speaker said OPEC had to take all possible measures to keep or lower the oil price.

    Saudi Arabia’s Oil Minister Ali Al-Nuaimi had earlier said there would not be any shortfall of oil in the market. The organization had already taken steps to fill the gap, he said. OPEC Secretary General Ali Rodriguez added that the period of Iraq’s output stop was not known, so other exporters were not going to lift quotas yet. If the market was destabilized（使……動搖）, a suitable response could be made.

    Iraq on Monday stopped shipments of crude oil to protest against the U.N. Security Council’s decision to extend the oil-for-food programme by only a month, instead of the normal six-month renewal. Just before the Vienna meeting, oil prices had gone up, with a barrel of OPEC crude oil selling for 27.05 dollars, up from 26.81 dollars last Friday. North sea oil was at 29.26 dollars Monday evening.

    OPEC wants the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars and achieved that with cuts in January and March that reduced 2.5 million barrels per day off quotas（配額）.

Iraq made the decision to stop oil deliveries because ___________.

A. oil price is too low in international market.

B. The U.N. Secretary Council has decided to shorten the time of extension of the oil-for-food programme

C. Many oil wells were destroyed during the war in the late 1980s

D. It couldn’t get enough money to develop its economy

The attitude the E.U. Commission took towards Iraq’s output stop is ________.

A. active           B. concerned

C. cold             D. surprised

The underlined words“The organization”here refers to ________.

A. OPEC        B. the E.U. Commission

C. Vienna        D. WTO

The main idea of the passage is ________.

A. the oil prices in the world were stable though Iraq has stopped oil deliveries

B. OPEC has controlled the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars

C. OPEC will not increase oil production to make up the shortfall that caused by Iraq

D. Oil is connected with people’s daily life

The 11 oil ministers decided to meet on July 3 so that _________.

A. they can persuade Iraq to continue oil production

B. they can have a talk with the U.N. Security Council

C. they can have a discussion about the effects of Iraq’s temporary output stop

D. they can make up their minds to increase oil production

【小題1】B

【小題2】B

【小題3】A

【小題4】C

【小題5】C


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Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.
The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.
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That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.
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A．They took the order even without being rewarded.
B．They took the order only when rewarded.
C．They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders.
D．They hesitated longer when given repeated orders.
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A．originated from Range’s research on dogs.
B．showed that animals do pay attention to inequity.
C．began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity.
D．was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders.
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A．was given less work.
B．was given more food.
C．was given the same type of food.
D．was given more delicious food.
【小題4】 Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.
A．care more about whether they are rewarded.
B．care less about what they are rewarded with.
C．care more about what they are ordered to do.
D．care less about who gives them orders.
【小題5】 What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Animals have various ways to show their anger.
B．Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys.
C．Dogs have a sense of fairness.
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A．They took the order even without being rewarded.

B．They took the order only when rewarded.

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C．was given the same type of food.

D．was given more delicious food.

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A．care more about whether they are rewarded.

B．care less about what they are rewarded with.

C．care more about what they are ordered to do.

D．care less about who gives them orders.

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A．Animals have various ways to show their anger.

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