4.Consumer Behavior
"Consumer behavior"is the behavior that consumers,either people or organizations,show in seeking,purchasing,using,evaluating and disposing of (處理掉) products and services.The study of consumer behavior is the study of how people make decisions to spend their available resources on products and services.
All consumers face varying problems to which solutions are vital to the existence of most people,and the economic well-being of all.The process is complex,as choices must be made regarding what,why,how,when,where and how often to buy an item.The answers to these questions would provide companies with important input for product design improvement and marketing strategy.
The person who purchases a product is not always the only user of the product.Nor is the purchaser necessarily the person who makes the decision or pays for the product.Thus the marketplace activities of people have three functions:the consumer,the person who uses the product or service; the purchaser,the person who carries out the activities to get the product or service; and the payer,the person who provides the money or other objects of value to obtain the product or service.Marketers must decide whom to direct their marketing efforts toward.For some products or services,they must find the person who is most likely to influence the decision.Some marketers believe that the buyer of the products is the best choice; others believe it is the user of the product,while still others play it safe by directing their promotional efforts to both buyers and users.
In addition to studying how consumers use the products they buy,consumer researchers are also interested in how people dispose of their once-new purchases when they are finished with them because the marketers must match production to the frequency with which consumers buy replacements.It is also important to society as a whole,as solid waste disposal has become a major environmental problem that marketers must address in their development of products and packaging.Many companies have begun to reproduce old components to install in new products,because reproducing is often cheaper,easier and more efficient than recycling.
48.What does"consumer behavior"study?C
A.What makes people satisfied with products or services.
B.When the producers make improvement on product designs.
C.How people decide to spend money on products or services.
D.How often people purchase products or services in real life.
49.What can be inferred from the passage?D
A.Payers of products or services are in fact purchasers.
B.Purchasing decisions are not connected to people's well-being.
C.Marketers agree to direct their promotional efforts to only users.
D.Planning ways of exposing products to potential consumers is marketers'job.
50.From the passage we can learn that companies would prefer toA.
A.make their products last a longer time
B.pay for the cost of recycling materials
C.spend more money on packaging
D.limit the choices of consumers.
分析 這篇文章主要是研究消費者是如何在產(chǎn)品或服務方面花錢的.
解答 48.C 49.D 50.A
48.C細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句"The study of consumer behavior is the study of how people make decisions to spend their available resources on products and services."可知與C項意思相同,故應選C.
49.D推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段中"The person who purchases a product is not always the only user of the product."可知市場人員要將產(chǎn)品推銷給那些潛在的消費者.故選D項.
50.A推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容"Many companies have begun to reproduce old components to install in new products,because reproducing is often cheaper,easier and more efficient than recycling."可知很多公司都將自己的產(chǎn)品"老酒新裝"變成新的產(chǎn)品,因為這樣成本更低,也能夠讓產(chǎn)品在市場上維持更久,故應選A項.
點評 做閱讀時經(jīng)常犯錯的主要原因是,僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案,這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設布下的題目陷阱.所謂閱讀理解,對于題目的理解一定要忠實于原文,因此,每一道題都應該與原文作全面的對比與核查,再得出答案.也就是說,閱讀理解的每一道題目,在原文都應該有明確的出處,我們把這一出處叫做原文相關句,(1)排除與原文相關句主題不一致的選項(2)排除與原文相關句態(tài)度相反的選項 (3)排除用于過于極端或負面的選項(4)注意結合文章主旨和主題去排除.