The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away． An initiative（措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．
If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一貫的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices． And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．
Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach． But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．
Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges． The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates． And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．
But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place． The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．
President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion． He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job． That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．
The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress． If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．
小題1:Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?
A．To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public．
B．To help colleges perform better in the future．
C．To help parents and students make better choices of colleges．
D．To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough．
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules．
B．Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law．
C．SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college．
D．Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now．
小題3:A most suitable title for the passage could be______．
A．Congress To Require Greater Transparency
B．What College Parents and Students Need to Know
C．What a Good College Is Measured By
D．Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices
小題4:What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?
A．supportiveB．criticalC．indifferentD．not stated
小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中語句“An initiative（措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．”理解可知。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中語句“If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一貫的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices．”理解可知。
小題3:理解歸納題，根據(jù)文中語句理解可知。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中語句“That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．”理解可知。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that people receive.
The most widespread fallacy(謬誤) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(戰(zhàn)壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp(奧斯維辛集中營), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet（濕透）in drafty（通風(fēng)的）room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other time, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小題1:The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A．4B．5C．6D．3
小題2:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小題3:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit probably _______.
A．suffered a lotB．never caught colds
C．often caught coldsD．became very strong
小題4:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Have you ever heard of Paynes Prairie(大草原)？ It is one of the most important natural and historical areas in Florida. Paynes Prairie is located near Gainesville. It is large, 21,000 acres. This protected land is called a reserve, which is managed by the Florida Park Service.
The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone(石灰石）broke down and the ground settled. It is covered by wet prairie plants. There are areas of open water. During brief periods it was flooded enough to be considered a lake. Except for that, the basin has changed little through time.
Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time. He lived there as far back as 10,000 B.C.. At one time, the Seminoles lived there. The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne, a Seminole chief. During the late 1600s, the largest farm where cattle are fed in Florida was on Paynes.
William Bartram who lived 200 years ago visited Paynes Praire in 1774. Bartram was the first person who described nature through personal experiences as well as scientific observations. At that time he called Paynes Prairie the “great Alachua Savannah". Most of the animal life, which Bartram described, is still here. A large number of animals live here in winter. The variety of animals is increased by the presence of pine flat woods, wetlands and ponds.
The Paynes Prairie Reserve State Park is open all year round. The Florida Park Service works hard so that the park will appear as it did in the past. It offers many opportunities for entertainment. In the park you can camp and picnic. You can hike and bike. You can boat and fish. You can ride on horses. And you can see Florida as it was in the early days.
小題1:The second paragraph is mainly about   _______.
A．how the present Paynes Prairie basin came into being
B．what the present Paynes Prairie basin is covered by
C．why the present Paynes Prairie basin is unchanged
D．when the present Paynes Prairie basin began to exist
小題2:All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _______
A．the Florida Park Service manages Paynes Prairie
B．you can have fun in the Paynes Prairie Reserve State Park
C．there used to be a big cattle farm on Paynes Prairie
D．William Bartram was the first person to visit Paynes prairie
小題3:The purpose of the passage is to _______.
A．call on people to protect wildlife of Paynes Prairie
B．introduce Paynes Prairie to people
C．tell people the recorded history of Paynes Prairie
D．a(chǎn)ttract people to visit Paynes Prairie
小題4:What will the writer most probably talk about in the paragraph that follows?
A．The effect of tourism on Paynes Prairie.
B．The history and present of Florida.
C．The natural resources of Florida.
D．The future development of Paynes Prairie.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the languages of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original (最初的) language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago English was a little -known relative of German spoken on one of the borders（邊界）of Europe.
If a language has a lot of speakers or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of speakers. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China cannot understand speakers from other parts.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly tells us that_______.
A．most people in the world speak Chinese
B．there are thousands of languages in the world today
C．man has much knowledge about languages
D．some people know several languages
小題2:Many European and Indian languages ______.
A．will soon die out completely
B．were once a relative of English
C．a(chǎn)re the same as before
D．come from the same family
小題3:____ seems to have changed a lot
A．ChineseB．EnglishC．SpanishD．German
小題4: The best title of this passage is        .
A．EnglishB．Changes of English
C．ChineseD．Knowledge of Language

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”
小題1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         .
A．baby boys are much more active
B．baby girls like bright colors more
C．their parents treat them differently
D．there is a natural difference between them
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?
A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
小題3:What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
A．Adults purposely influence their babies preference.
B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.
小題4:We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper.
A．scienceB．healthC．educationD．entertainment

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Flying over a desert in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes．After an hour’s flight, one of the scientists wrote in his notebook, "Look here for probable metal." Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metals." From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word "Uranium".
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking down below the earth’s surface．They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground -- using trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie under the ground on which the trees and plants are growing.
This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Watson Bar Creek, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds．Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees．Roots were dug and put into boxes．Each bag and box was carefully marked．In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested．Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches and seeds showed no silver．But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds．The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.
If the trees indicated that there was no gold in the ground, the scientists wouldn’t spare money to pay for digging into the ground.
小題1:Scientists were flying over a desert or a hilly wasteland or a mountain region to _____.
A．train their eyesB．study the trees
C．look for goldD．search for minerals
小題2:The study of trees, branches and roots indicated that ______.
A．there were larger amounts of gold in the branches far from the tree trunk than in the seeds
B．there were smaller amounts of gold in the tree roots deep in the ground than in the branches
C．there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing closer to the tree trunk than in the seeds farther from it
D．there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the leaves on the ends of the branches
小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a tree that can help the searchers?
A．leavesB．rootsC．branchesD．seeds
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A．Scientists searching for treasure with special equipment.
B．New methods of doing geological study.
C．Gold could be found in trees and plants.
D．A new method of searching for minerals.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分, 滿分30分）
Have you ever tried to draw a straight line, only to find it turns out all wrong? Or, wanted to show   1  at a party but the song you’d practised so many times suddenly   2  more difficult?
I’ve had both these  3 . As a Senior 3 student, I have to   4  many exams. Each time, I enter one, thinking “I   5  fail this time.”
But don’t be surprised --- it’s not   6   we don’t try, or don’t do enough preparation,   7 don’t take it seriously. On the contrary, it is because we put ourselves under too much   8 . It is thinking: “I must…” that makes us taste the terrible flavor of  9 ．
We often   10  to our friends: “Don’t be too hard   11  yourself!” But when we   12  our own goals, we may not listen to our own advice．
In doing so, we are making our path to success increasingly difficult．
So why not   13 this crazy pursuit(追求)to get the best? Just face the problem   14  before you with a calm mind, enjoy the hard work and you will succeed．
In my opinion,   15  a calm state of mind is a skill for life. For people who want to succeed, 16  this is a very important lesson．
So   17   time when you’re trying to draw a straight line or   18  a performance, tell yourself: “If I can just do it better than last time, it’s a   19 ． ”
Keep a calm state of mind, and you will be happy   20  you succeed or fail．
小題1:
A．upB．offC．outD．in
小題2:
A．looks B．a(chǎn)ppearsC．listensD．becomes
小題3:
A．experiencesB．chancesC．timesD．difficulties
小題4:
A．finishB．winC．take D．join
小題5:
A．can’tB．mayC．shouldn’tD．haven’t
小題6:
A．whyB．sinceC．whenD．because
小題7:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．butD．nor
小題8:
A．careB．powerC．pressureD．a(chǎn)ttention
小題9:
A．examsB．difficultyC．marksD．failure
小題10:
A．sayB．speakC．tellD．talk
小題11:
A．offB．onC．toD．for
小題12:
A．shareB．a(chǎn)chieveC．buildD．set
小題13:
A．throw awayB．get awayC．take awayD．let away
小題14:
A．waitingB．sittingC．lyingD．laying
小題15:
A．BecomingB．MakingC．GrowingD．Keeping
小題16:
A．tryingB．realizing C．usingD．training
小題17:
A．lastB．whatC．nextD．high
小題18:
A．put onB．play onC．give onD．show on
小題19:
A．successB．taskC．lessonD．hit
小題20:
A．ifB．eitherC．neitherD．whether

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從41─60各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Nowadays 41  children go to school  42 few of them have ever asked themselves  43  they go there. Some children think that they go to school just to learn their mother tongue, English and other foreign languages, history, science,   44 and a few other  45 . But why do they learn these things? Are these the only things they should learn at school?
Actually children go to school to  46  themselves for the time when they will be grown up and will have to  47  themselves. They learn their own language   48 they will be able to  49 with people in foreign countries, make friends with them and learn  50  about their culture and history. They learn mathematics in order to be able to measure the things around them and calculate sums.  51 helps them understand something about the world around them and history teaches them about the past and people. Nearly everything they study at school has some use  52  in their  53 , but there is one more  54 reason why children go to school.
It is more important to receive education than just learning  55 .We go to school  56 to learn how to learn. Learning is not just for school but for life. So even after we have left school, we have to continue to learn. A man who  57 knows how to learn will always be  58 because whenever he is faced with a completely new task or problem, he will teach himself how to deal with it in the best way.  59 , children do not go to school just to learn languages, mathematics, geography, etc. They go to school to  60 how to learn.
小題1:
A．someB．mostC．fewD．a(chǎn)ll
小題2:
A．butB．soC．a(chǎn)ndD．because
小題3:
A．howB．whenC．whyD．that
小題4:
A．cookingB．sowingC．playingD．geography
小題5:
A．subjectsB．skillsC．languagesD．games
小題6:
A．makeB．prepareC．teachD．study
小題7:
A．teachB．supportC．liveD．work
小題8:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．in order toC．so as toD．so that
小題9:
A．communicateB．workC．talkD．study
小題10:
A．everythingB．a(chǎn)nythingC．somethingD．nothing
小題11:
A．Foreign languagesB．MathematicsC．HistoryD．Geography
小題12:
A．practicalB．specialC．differentD．importance
小題13:
A．workB．livesC．studyD．communication
小題14:
A．difficultB．unusualC．importantD．kind
小題15:
A．foreign languagesB．scienceC．mathematicsD．facts
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)bove allB．a(chǎn)t allC．in allD．for all
小題17:
A．doesn’tB．neverC．reallyD．may
小題18:
A．unsuccessfulB．calmC．successfulD．useful
小題19:
A．AlthoughB．ButC．HoweverD．Therefore
小題20:
A．beginB．workC．liveD．learn

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People live in different parts of the world and lead different types of lives. Their lifestyles change across the different areas in the world. What is the difference between a city and country life? Let us see.
We can see the modern facilities everywhere in the city like the Internet, telephone, television and satellite communication facilities are widely available in the city. A majority of families in the city are enjoying this technological advancement.
The increasing population has led to an imbalance in human population. More and more industries have led to environmental problems like pollution.
However, the rise in economic growth has resulted in a self-centered nature of society. While technological advancement has brought the world closer, human beings have gone far apart from each other.
The country is not crowded with constructions all over. Houses are rather widely spaced with enough room for fields and gardens. The country is the only area fortunate enough to house the greens. People in the country live in close to nature. Apart from people, there is room for pets and animals that help keep a balance in nature.
Due to a lesser number of people in the country, it is not overcrowded by people. These areas have least amounts of pollution. Pollution is less also because of very less number of industries in the country. The life may not be as enjoyable as that in the city, but the people there are generous, kind and friendly. The country is the one where humanity(人性) is still alive.
Every coin has two sides to it. While we can’t enjoy expensive things and technology in the country, it is rich in its relationship with ‘nature’. The city life is modern in technology and career opportunities. However, the falling humanity and a bad environmental balance affect the bright future of city life.
小題1:What’s the main purpose of the passage? _________.
A．To persuade more people to live in the country.
B．To inform us of some information about a better life.
C．To tell us differences between city life and country life.
D．To explain why people don’t want to live in the city.
小題2:Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage? __________.
①                   ①                                       ①
A．②③④⑤⑥B．②③④⑤⑥⑦C．①②③④⑤⑥D．④⑤⑥②③
⑦                                           ⑦                ⑦
小題3: According to the passage, the main reason for pollution is ____________.
A．technology and economyB．population and industries
C．population and humanityD．industries and balance.
小題4:The underlined word in the fifth paragraph most probably refers to ___________.
A．green gasB．green buildingsC．green landsD．green animals
小題5:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that __________
A．it’s up to you whether to choose city life or country life.
B．both city life and country life have advantages and disadvantages.
C．more and more people will move to the country in the future.
D．the young prefer city life while the old choose country life.

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