While the presence of rats in homes may cause anxiety and annoyance，they rarely result in driving out the residents.But that is exactly what happened to the inhabitants of the 10-square-mile Hawadax Island off the coast of Alaska，almost 230 years ago.Now thanks to a five-year effort by scientists，the terribly silent “Rat Island” as it had been called for many years has been returned to its rightful owners—birds!

Hawadax Island is part of a chain of volcanic islands in the Bering Sea called the Aleutian Islands.The rats that arrived there in 1780，when a Japanese ship carrying them broke down nearby，completely destroyed the native population because the environment of the island was not built to defend its animals from these predators.There isn't any tree on the island，which meant that the birds were accustomed to building their nests low in the ground，giving the rodents(嚙齒動(dòng)物) easy access to both eggs and baby chicks.As years passed，the birds that had called the island home for thousands of years became endangered and eventually，disappeared completely.

In 2007，the US FWS(Fish and Wildlife Service) started a serious plan to rid the island of the rats and try bringing back the beautiful birds that had once called it home.Given that there were an estimated 10，000 rodents inhabiting “Rat Island” and the fact that they reproduce rapidly，it was not an easy task.But by 2009，the island was officially declared rat free!

Then slowly but surely，the birds began to return. Unfortunately，some of the pioneers were unintentionally killed from the leavings of the raticide，a poison that had been used to wipe out the rodents.But now it seems things are becoming more stable and the island is starting to increasingly look like its former self.Before the transformation，“Hawadax”，also known as “Rat Island”，was a silent and ghostly place with bird bones，snail remains and rocks covered in rat feces(糞便)．

Today，birds' singing and flying in and out is a common sight.Tufted puffins and song sparrows，which had long disappeared，are gradually making their way back.Scientists have also been observing an increase in ground nesting and shore birds.Though the island is still not back to its full glory，the signs are encouraging and things can only get better，as time passes.

1.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to ________.

A．birds' being driven out

B．the presence of rats

C．birds' returning to the island

D．residents' worrying about rats

2.Birds on Hawadax Island became an easy target because ________.

A．their chicks were extremely weak

B．they nested randomly

C．they reproduced too rapidly

D．this island was treeless

3.From the passage，we can know the plan of US FWS ________.

A．has helped the island fully recovered

B．cost little but benefited greatly

C．involved poisoning the rats on a large scale

D．a(chǎn)ccomplished its goal after exactly 24 months

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．FWS help get rare birds back to alaska island

B．Japanese changed a bird paradise into rat island

C．Alaska's rat island returns to a bird paradise

D．FWS plan to drive rats out of rat Island

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● 3.

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As Rosalie Warren stood at the mailbox in the lobby of her apartment building in May 1980, she shared the anxiety of many other college seniors. In her hand was an envelope containing her final grades. As she nervously opened it, Warren wondered whether her hundreds of hours of studying had paid off.

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“I got five A’s,” she still recalls with elation. “I almost fell on the floor!”

Warren would graduate from Suffolk University with a Bachelor of Science degree in philosophy and history at age 80. Three years later, at age 83; she would receive her second degree from Suffolk, a master’s in education.

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In the end, however, “I went to school nights,” she recalls. “Any place I could find an outlet of learning and teaching, I was there.”

A short time later, her mother became ill, and Warren had to care for her, once again putting her education on hold.

Finally, in 1921, her mother, now recovered, drew from her saving to send Warren to Boston University for two years to study typing, stenography, and office procedures.

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In 1924, she married Eugene Warren, and seven years later, her daughter, Corinne, was born. In 1955, by then a widow and a grandmother, Warren took a bus tour across the United States that was to last nine months. She said she wanted to see “things you never see in the West End.”

When she returned home, she took a bookkeeping position and also enrolled in courses in philosophy, sociology and Chinese history.

In 1975, when she was 75, Warren learned from a neighbor about Suffolk University’s tuition-free program for senior citizens.” I was at the registrar’s office the very next day,” she recalls. At first, she took one or two courses at a time, but encouraged by her professors, she enrolled as a degree candidate.

“I had not studied for so many years,” she says, “but I was determined.” For the next four years, Warren, who calls herself a “student of philosophy,” worked toward her degree.

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D. didn’t like her family very much

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A. Rosalie Warren’s family

B. Rosalie Warren’s life

C. Rosalie Warren’s education

D. Rosalie Warren’s studying at Suffolk University

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