7.One key study published in 2009in Occupational & Environmental Medicine analyzed data on 3,122men to see whether the leadership qualities of their managers were associated with a risk for fatal or nonfatal heart attack and death due to heart disease.
Anna Nyberg,the lead author of the study and a researcher at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University,says there's an important view from the research:"The longer you have worked at a workplace,the better or worse the situation becomes.So if you are working under a boss who stresses you in a destructive manner,and your possibilities or chances to change the situation are limited,you should try to change jobs as soon as possible."
Research also has linked the degree to which supervisors demonstrate fairness (such as giving timely back information,including praise,and showing trust and respect) to employees'blood pressure.A small 2003study published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that workers'blood pressure readings were significantly higher when they worked for supervisors they perceived unfavorably on such characters than when they worked for supervisors they viewed more favorably.
A more recent meta-analysis published in 2012in the Journal of Applied Psychology looked at 279studies to examine the associations between perceived unfairness and employee health; it found a link between unfairness and mental health complaints,such as depression,and physical troubles,such as sleep problems,high blood pressure and being overweight.
"One of the ways that bad bosses work is through splitting people,"O'Connor,a psychotherapist in New York,says."They play favorites and develop a network of informers,so that you don't trust anybody and you really do feel more isolated.You feel that there must be something wrong with me because everybody else seems to be getting along okay."
This produces a fight-or-flight response,which causes your body to begin to change a lot-just as it would if you were running from a tiger baring its teeth,Kelloway says.Your breathing quickens and your heart beats faster as your body prepares to spring into action.When this stress response goes on too long or occurs too often,it can cause damage on the body by promoting other physiological changes that can increase the risk of a-long-time disease.
32.According to Anna Nyberg,what can you do if you work under an extremely bad boss?C
A.Consult a psychologist.
B.Complain to people within the workplace.
C.Quit your job instantly.
D.Try to get used to the situation.
33.The underlined word"splitting"in Para 5is closest in meaning toD.
A.scolding
B.persuading
C.trusting
D.separating
34.What does the author mainly talk about in the last paragraph?A
A.Why a bad boss can cause diseases.
B.Ways to reduces stress when faced with a bad boss.
C.The troubles of some a-long-time diseases.
D.How we can solve problems with bad bosses.
35.What might be the best title for the passage?D
A.How to avoid a bad boss?
B.Is your boss making you sick?
C.How to deal with a bad boss?
D.Are you working under a good boss?
分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了一個(gè)究對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的管理素質(zhì)對(duì)他們心臟病致死有關(guān)的研究.
解答 32.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段So if you are working under a boss who stresses you in a destructive manner,and your possibilities or chances to change the situation are limited,you should try to change jobs as soon as possible可知如果你在極其糟糕的老板手下工作你應(yīng)該立刻辭職換工作;故選C.
33.D.詞義猜測(cè)題.根據(jù)第五段One of the ways that bad bosses work is through splitting people,"O'Connor,a psychotherapist in New York,says可知一個(gè)壞老板的工作是會(huì)通過(guò)分裂人的方式;即意為獨(dú)立,讓人孤單的;故選D.
34.A.段落大意題.根據(jù)最后一段This produces a fight-or-flight response,which causes your body to begin to change a lot-just as it would if you were running from a tiger baring its teeth,Kelloway says.Your breathing quickens and your heart beats faster as your body prepares to spring into action可知作者在最后一段主要討論為什么壞老板會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾;故選A.
35.D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段 analyzed data on 3,122men to see whether the leadership qualities of their managers were associated with a risk for fatal or nonfatal heart attack and death due to heart disease可知文章的最佳標(biāo)題是你在一個(gè)好老板手下工作嗎;故選D.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.