Question

Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .

Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.

Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病學(xué)) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古學(xué)的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .

About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.

“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .

While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .

“Mechanism (身體結(jié)構(gòu)) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .

“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.

1.The title of the passage should be        .

A．Short people and their taller peers

B．Men and women

C．Short stature and short life

D．Long life and short life

2.“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .

A．a(chǎn) study           B．a(chǎn) marker          C．a(chǎn) risk             D．a(chǎn)n age

3.Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?

A．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.

B．Women were more likely to die at a young age.

C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.

D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.

4.Short stature may be caused by        .

A．less childhood nutrition                  B．heart disease

C．some illnesses                          D．high blood pressure

5.The topic in this passage is probably connected with

A．space medicine                         B．sports medicine

C．social medicine                         D．industrial medicine

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章主要講了研究表明，身高越矮小，越容易患腦溢血、高血壓、心臟病等疾病，因此壽命也越短。

1.根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.

故選C。

2.根據(jù)which may have long-lasting effect on health .可猜測出an indicator意思是指示器，故答案應(yīng)為B。

3.根據(jù)About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.故選D。

4.根據(jù)While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health ，故選A。

5.這篇文章主要講了身高和壽命的關(guān)系，這屬于社會醫(yī)學(xué)，故選C。

考點：健康保健類短文閱讀理解

點評：本題型考查了對文章段落或某一板塊的理解概括能力。先閱讀問題，然后帶著問題，再讀全文，找出答題所需要的依據(jù)，完成閱讀。在詞義與句義理解的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文總結(jié)歸納某一段或幾段的大意，對于把握文章主旨，分析全文結(jié)構(gòu)都是至關(guān)重要的。