閱讀理解。
     We may all have had the embarrassing moment: Getting halfway through a story only to realize that
we've told this exact tale before to the same  person. Why do  we  make  such  memory mistakes?
     According to the research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our
brains process different types of memory.
     Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the
University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory, or the ability to
keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory, or the ability to
recall who we have given information to.
     They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the
direction in which that information is travelling.
To study the differences between source memory and destination memory, the researchers did an
experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked
to associate (聯(lián)想) 50 random (隨意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students
"told" each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's (名人的) picture appeared on
a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.
     When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving
information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared
with the students receiving information(source memory).
     The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental
context (背景)-that is ,the person-than was incoming information.
     This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little
facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is
limited, we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.
     After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that selffocus
is another factor that undermines destination memory.
     They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things
about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than
those giving random information.
     "When you start telling these personal facts compared with nonself facts, suddenly destination
memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the selffocus component (成分) that's reducing the
memory."Gopie told Live Science.
1. The point of this article is to ________.
A. give advice on how to improve memory
B. say what causes the memory to worsen
C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to
D. discuss the differences between source memory and destination memory
2.What can we learn from the article?
A. Source memory helps us remember who we have  told the information to.
B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures    
    perform worse on the memory test.
C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.
D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context
     than outgoing information.
3. The underlined word"undermines" probably means________.
A. weakens    
B. benefits
C. explains  
D. supports
4. What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?
A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.
B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.
C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.
D. Selffocus is responsible for the reduction of destination memory.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：福建省廈門(mén)一中2012屆高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

(1)

We can know from the first two ads that _______．

[　　]

A．

to be a sourcing assistant, you need to be very persuasive

B．

RHK Design deals with business from European countries

C．

to work for RHK Design, you need to be very experienced in trading

D．

a girl from Beijing is very likely to be employed by the Indian Company

(2)

If you are an American woman looking for a part-time job, you can contact ________．

[　　]

A．

sarah @ gate．com

B．

linette, killbourn @ rhdesign．com．cn

C．

zsj123@ 163．com

D．

chinasemeste：@ gmail．com

(3)

For one who doesn’t mind traveling a lot, which of the positions above can be considered?

[　　]

A．

Sourcing assistant．

B．

Female English Tutor．

C．

Senior Interior Designed．

D．

Customer Services Assistant．

(4)

Which of the following statements about the third position is TRUE?

[　　]

A．

Nationalities are not required for the position．

B．

There’s a requirement of maximum service period．

C．

The deadline for application is July the 31st．

D．

Communication skills are requested a must．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：江蘇期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     We all know that money can't make us happy, but many times we act as if we'd be
happier with a bit more money. We are conditioned to want to be richer; we are trained
to want the latest style that television tells us; we want to earn more money because then
we'll have a good life.
     But none of that will make us happier. And the sad thing is that it can take us decades
of pursuing (追求) wealth and expensive things before we realize that. So what will bring
us happiness? Luckily, there are three things that don't cost anything. Here they are:
     Good relationships. We have a human need to be close with other human beings. Having
good, supportive friendships, a strong marriage or loving relationships with our family members
will make us much more likely to be happy. Therefore, take time, today, to stay with your
loved ones, to tell them what they mean to you, to listen to them, and to develop your r
elationships with them.
     Positive thinking. Optimism(樂(lè)觀) is one of the best indicators of people who lead a
happy life. Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives. So why not make
positive thinking a habit? In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop.
     Flow. This is a popular concept on the Internet these days 一 the state we enter when
we are completely focused on the work or task. Having work and leisure(休閑)that gets
you in this state of flow will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find the greatest
enjoyment not when they're passively mindless, but when they're absorbed in a mindful
challenge.
     If you are interested in some kind of work and keen on some kind of hobbies, it is not a
bad idea. Turn off the TV 一 this is the opposite of flow 一 and then go outside and do
something that truly makes you active.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     We experience different forms of the Sun's energy every day. We can see its light and feel its warmth.
The Sun is the major source of energy for our planet. It causes the evaporation (蒸發(fā)) of water from the
oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These
green plants then provide food for all organisms (生物) on the Earth.
     Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface. It is either reflected
or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30%
is reflected by clouds or the Earth's surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes
water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately
0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.
     Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth's surface back
to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter
but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.
     When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount
reflected depends on the surface. For example, you've probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight
falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter.
Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.
1. According to the passage, the root cause for weather changes on the Earth is _____.
A. the atmosphere surrounding the Earth
B. water from oceans and lakes
C. energy from the Sun
D. greenhouse gases in the sky
2. Only a small part of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface because most of it is _____.
A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
B. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
C. lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
D. used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes
3. We learn from the passage that _____.
A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food
B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy
C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth
D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth's surface

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閱讀理解。
     We often hear people talking about a generation gap (代溝). The name is new, but the idea
is old. Young people and their parents don't understand each other. The world has always kept
changing. During the second century after Christ a wise man said, "Bury me on my face because
in a little while everything will be turned upside down."
    There has always been a gap between generations, but more people talk about it now. Old
Mr. Ellis thinks he understands what has happened.
    "When I was a boy, I thought the world was a beautiful place. My life was very pleasant. But
when I was older, I learned about people who were treated badly, people who didn't have enough
to eat. I wanted to help them, and I married a girl who wanted to help them, too. We went to
meetings and talked a lot, but it didn't seem to make much difference. "
    "Our children grew up in a world at war. They didn't know when the fighting would stop. They
wanted their children to have nice clothes and toys. They didn't want to think about the future.
They thought nothing could be done about it."
    "Now I have grandchildren, and they have their own ideas. They are trying to make the world
better. They are trying to help other people. They're making people listen to them. I am proud
of their generation."
1. The wise man mentioned in the text told people to bury him on his face so that when everything
is turned upside down he will _____.
A. lie on his stomach        
B. lie on his back
C. stand quietly        
D. sit in peace
2. Which generation did NOT want to do anything to make the world a better one?
A. Mr. Ellis' generation      
B. His children's generation
C. His grandchildren's generation  
D. None of the above.
3. Which generation is/was more efficient in making the world better one?
A. Mr. Ellis' generation.          
B. His children's generation.
C. His grandchildren's generation.
D. None of the above.
4. What is the writer's attitude towards the generation gap?
A. Unacceptable.    
B. Awful.    
C. Funny.      
D. Common.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：天津高考真題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively (被動(dòng)地). We achieve it actively by direct
experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
     We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place
in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is
passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday
communication with friends and co-workers.
     Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told
even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor (謠言).
     Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't
show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn,
whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down
the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically,
the original message has changed.
     That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes
the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a
story, trying to improve on it, stamping (打上標(biāo)記) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it
think they know.
     This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be
re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue,
unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to
challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
1. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in ______.
A. doing a medical experiment
B. solving a math problem
C. visiting an exhibition
D. doing scientific reasoning
2. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.
A. active learning
B. knowledge
C. communication
D. passive learning
3. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.
A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Active learning is less important.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. Active learning occurs more frequently.
D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

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