E

A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.

Most of the cases were decided in sate courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.

Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman’s negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a “pure accident”. In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.

In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury’s decision because it argued that the railroad’s negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.

As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads—against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals.

72. Which of the following is NOT true in Farwell’s case?

A. Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.

B. Farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.

C. The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his job.

D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.

73. What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?

A. The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.

B. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.

C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.

D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.

74. The following aroused public resentment EXCEPT _____.

A. political power   B. high fares    C. economic loss   D. indifference

75. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.

B. History of the US railroads.

C. Railroad workers’ working rights.

D. Law cases concerning the railroads.

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The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.

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①I(mǎi)saac Stern was more than a great violin player. He was one of the most honored musicians in the world. He was an international cultural ambassador. He was a major supporter of the arts in America and in other countries. He was a teacher and activist.
②Issac Stern was born in 1920 in what is now Ukraine. His parents moved to San Francisco, California the following year. His mother began teaching Isaac the piano when he was six. He began taking violin lessons after hearing a friend play the instrument. Later, he began studying music at the San Francisco Conservatory (音樂(lè)學(xué)院). He progressed quickly. When he was 16, he played with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. The next year, he performed in New York City and was praised by music critics.
③During World War II, Mr Stern played for thousands of American soldiers. It was the first time many of them had heard classical music. After the war, he was the first American violinist to perform in a concert in the Soviet Union. He also supported young musicians and cultural organizations in Israel.
④In 1979, Isaac Stern visited China. He met with Chinese musicians and students. He taught them about classical Western music. His visit was made into a film, which is called From Mao to Mozart: Isaac Stern in China. It won an Academy Award for best documentary film.
⑤In 1984, Isaac Stern received the Kennedy Center Honors Award for his gifts to American culture through music. He expressed his thoughts about the part that music plays in life. He said he believed that music makes life better for everyone, especially children.
⑥Mr Stern supported and guided younger classical musicians. They include violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman, cellist Yo-Yo Ma, and pianist Yefim Bronfman.
⑦Isaac Stern died in 2001 at eh age of 81. He was a major influence on music in the 20th century. He leaves the world richer with his many recordings.
1. Which of the following is the RIGHT time order for these events in Stern’s life?
a. He began learning music in an institution.
b. He received the Kennedy Center Honors Award.
c. He visited the Soviet Union.
d. He met with Chinese musicians.
e. He performed for American soldiers.
A. a,e,c,d,b     B. a,e,b,c,d     C. e,a,b,c,d     D. e,a,c,d,b
2. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ______.
A. how Stern began to learn music   B. how Stern began his musical career
C. Stern’s early education          D. Stern’s achievement in music
3. Which of the following statements about Stern is TRUE?
A. He was an activist in opposing war.
B. He was active in cultural exchanges between countries.
C. He had an interest in both playing music and making films.
D. He made a lot of money from music.
4. The Underlined word “cellist” in Paragraph 6 may refer to ________.
A. someone who supports young musicians
B. someone who wants to be a musician
C. someone who has a gift for music
D. someone who plays a certain kind of instrument
5. Which of the following shows the RIGHT structure of the text?
A.       ①                              B.       ①
↓                                         ↓
②③④⑤                                ②③④⑤⑥
↓                                         ↓
⑥⑦                                      ⑦
C. ①②③④⑤⑥                            D.    ①②③
↓                                           ↓
⑦                                      ④⑤⑥⑦

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年海南省瓊海市嘉積中學(xué)高二下期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

D
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Most teenagers don’t think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the following symptoms（癥狀）, you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people’s expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears.
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Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss.
Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it’s like working in a loud factory all day, being a maintenance（修理）person under a jet airplane or using a jackhammer（手提鉆）on a building site.
Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time or permanent（永久的）hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause a ruptured（破裂的）eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to the auditory nerves（聽(tīng)覺(jué)神經(jīng)）that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent.
【小題1】Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?

A．You are interested to listen to others’ talking.
B．You have to read others’ expressions to understand them.
C．You can only understand others over the phone.
D．You always think you hear the ringing of the phone.
【小題2】 Which of the following is TRUE when you listen to music?
A．Listen at least an hour every time.
B．Turn up the volume to the highest level.
C．keep the sound lower than 60% of its highest volume.
D．Choose classical, rock or heavy metal music.
【小題3】What is the correct order of causing permanent hearing loss?
a. The eardrum is broken.
b. The auditory nerves cannot receive sounds.
c. Tiny hairs are damaged.
d. Ear buds are placed directly in the ear canal.
e. High-volume music is played over a long time.
A．d-a-c-b-eB．e-c-a-b-dC．b-c-a-d-eD．d-e-a-c-b
【小題4】This passage is mainly about      .
A．music that teenagers likeB．hearing problems caused by the loud world
C．ways that teenagers enjoy music D．dangerous modern lifestyles of teenagers.

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Here is some information about several famous local bakeries(面包烤房) in Indiana, the US.They serve as a social gathering place for locals.

Maple Lane Bakery

At 8260 S.State Rd.Claypool, IN.(574) 566-2917, it offers a variety of cooked pies, cookies, and bread.With 20 years’ experience Maple Lane Bakery has specialized in the making of pies.The menu includes peach pie $7.19, berry pie $7.70, apple pie $7.19 and banana pie $6.99.Feel free to place an order at least 24 hours in advance.

Betty’s Cakes & Candy Shop

At 816 E.Winona Avenue Warsaw, IN.(574) 269-1231, it specializes in cakes and offers cookies and candies.The chocolate cookies are sold at $8.99 a dozen.Betty’s Cakes & Candy Shop, started half a century ago, specializes in wedding cakes and birthday cakes.Buying a cake from Betty’s will not disappoint you as they are always excellent.

Crepes’ Quality Bakery

At 217 S.Cavin Street Ligonier, IN.(260) 894-3024, this third generation bakery is located downtown Ligonier.It offers cookies and cupcakes, and specializes in rolls and bread.If you plan to buy cookies for the office or work area, you had better get there early as the building workers arrive just before 5:00 am waiting for the doors to open.

Olympia Candy Kitchen

At 136 N.Main Street Goshen, IN.(574) 533-5040, it has been welcoming visitors for almost a century in its unchanged location in downtown Goshen, Indiana.Its tradition began in 1912 when Greek Nicholas began making his own chocolates.Today this family-owned operation offers all kinds candies and boxed candies.

If you need an order, you should call ahead of time to see if they can meet your request.

1.Which of the following pies is the most expensive?

A．Peach pie.         B．Banana pie.        C．Apple pie.         D．Berry pie.

2.If you want to order a birthday cake, you are advised to call _________.

A．(574) 533-5040                        B．(574) 269-1231

C．(260) 894-3024                         D．(574) 566-2917

3.Which of the following bakeries has the shortest history?

A．Crepes’ Quality Bakery                 B．Betty’s Cakes & Candy Shop

C．Olympia Candy Kitchen                   D．Maple Lane Bakery

4.The author wrote this passage mainly to __________.

A．tell readers some travel information

B．persuade more people to eat pies

C．make the bakeries better known to readers

D．warn customers to order bakeries in advance

 

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