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科目:高中英語 來源:2012-2013學(xué)年江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高二12月月考英語試卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解
Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2,000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
【小題1】Which of the following orders is from higher to lower risk of having lung cancer?
A.Whites—Native Hawaiians |
B.Africans—Americans—Latinos |
C.Asians—Native Hawaiians |
D.Africans—Americans—Native Hawaiians |
A.the larger amount of smoking than white people |
B.the living style or habit of the blacks |
C.the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs |
D.the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke |
A.heavy smokers in America | B.the black and white people |
C.the Asians and Hawaiians | D.smokers and non-smokers |
A.explain different races react to some diseases differently |
B.tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers |
C.show a big step people have taken in the medicine area |
D.support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers |
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科目:高中英語 來源:2014屆甘肅省武威市高二下學(xué)期期中測(cè)試英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
Accidents and illness are unhappy things to talk about, but no one can expect to live a lifetime without having some kind of accident or becoming ill. Some accidents and illnesses are serious and may result in long periods of invalidism.
The newspapers contain spectacular accounts of accidents in the street and highways and public places, but nearly as many accidents occur around the home. Somebody trips on a rug. Somebody falls off a stepladder. Somebody is careless in cooking dinner, and is burned. Accidents incurred in the playing of sports and swimming also accounts for a large number of injuries, big and little. Despite constant campaigns to reduce the number of accidents, there are still approximately 100,000 accidental deaths and nearly 9,000,000 nonfatal injuries in the United States each year.
It has been estimated that around 3,000,000 people are constantly ill in the United States throughout the year and that over half the illness is caused by respiratory diseases, chiefly colds and influenza.
The pain and suffering caused by accidents and illness tell only half the story. Loss of time from school and work and medical and hospital expenses often make the pain seem worse. Money spent in this country for doctors, services, hospitalization, nursing care, drugs, medicines, Xrays, and special treatments, amounts to a huge annual sum. Added to this expense is another much larger amount that is lost to wage earners throughout the nation by reason of their loss of wages or income while sick or otherwise disabled.
Accident and health insurance is a form of insurance devised to protect against these economic losses. It protects the earning of wage earners and finishes financial aid to the family of the breadwinner by the payment of his doctor and hospital bills. Today, business and professional men, farmers, industrial workers, clerks and those engaged in various occupations, whose earning power is shut off for a week, a month, or sometimes years, because of accidents or illness can insure themselves against this financial loss by accident and health insurance.
Protection is available to all types of workers and the cost(called the premium)ranges from a few cents a day for small or limited policies to a month for policies paying larger amounts(called indemnities). Policy is another name for an insurance contract(合同). Most accident and health policies are cancelable policies—that is, they are sold for a definite term such as a week, a month, or a year, similar to contracts of fire insurance and automobile liability insurance. There are, however, policies which cannot be canceled or terminated(終止)by the insurance company until the policyholder reaches an age at which he usually has no further earning power—most often at sixty or sixtyfive years. These noncancelable policies cost more than the cancelable policies.
1.What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A.Everyone will have some sort of illness or accident.
B.Accident and health insurance is available to everyone.
C.Cancelable insurance policies are better than noncancelable one.
D.Insurance is a good protection against accidents and illness.
2.Every year in the United States there are________.
A.more people die in accidents than of illness
B.more people who are ill than those injured in accidents
C.more outdoor accidents than indoor accidents
D.more people injured in accidents than those who are constantly ill
3.The heaviest pain and suffering caused by accidents and illness are________.
A.colds and influenza B.financial losses
C.loss of time D.invalidism
4.Accident and health insurance will protect people by________.
A.covering their medical expenditure
B.paying their wages
C.restoring their earning power
D.providing policyholders with the money they need to survive
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科目:高中英語 來源:2012-2013學(xué)年安徽省合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
Snow falls in the Earth’s extreme North and South throughout the year. However, the heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of other areas during winter. Snow is even known to fall near the Equator (赤道),but only on the highest mountains.
Snow contains much less water than rain, but much of the water the world uses comes from snow. Melting snow provides water for rivers, electric power stations and agricultural crops. In the western United States, mountain snow provides up to seventy-five percent of all surface water supplies.
Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from winter weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals (晶體). Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited. Snow also influences the movement of sound waves. The surface of the snow takes in, or absorbs, sound waves. As snow grows older or if there have been strong winds, it can become hard and flat. Then, the snow,s surface will help to send back sound waves.
Snow may be beautiful, but it can be deadly. It is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people. Many people die in traffic accidents on roads covered with snow and ice or from being seriously stuck in the winter storm. Others die from heart attacks caused by too much physical activity out in the cold.
People may not be able to avoid living in areas where it snows often. However, they can avoid becoming victims of snowstorms. People should stop driving and stay at home until the storm has passed. People living in these areas should carry emergency supplies in their vehicle. These include food,emergency medical supplies,and extra clothing to stay warm and dry.
1.Mountain snowfall _____.
A.is heavier than that in the South and the North Poles
B.has never occurred near the Equator of the earth
C.brings less of the water the world uses than rain does
D.provides up to seventy—five percent of water supplies worldwide
2.Snow protects plants and wild animals from cold weather by _____.
A.supplying much more air B.limiting heat movement
C.a(chǎn)bsorbing strong winds D.sending back sound waves
3.Snow can be deadly mainly because it can _____.
A.cause road accidents
B.make people stuck in winter storms
C.lead to heart attacks
D.make people victims of snowstorms
4.What will the text probably tell us following the last paragraph? _.
A.How to drive during snowstorms
B.Where we can get emergency supplies
C.How to prevent heart attacks out in cold
D.Why we should stay warm and dry in winter
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科目:高中英語 來源:2012-2013學(xué)年湖南省高一第三次月考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解
Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet, a new study shows. It is not clear, researchers say, whether television itself is the reason, but it is possible that things like snacking in front of the TV or seeing ads for junk food influence young people’s diets.
The study included nearly 1,400 high school students. It showed that those who watched TV for five hours or more every day had less healthy diets than other students five years later. As a group, they ate fewer fruits and vegetables, but ate more fast food, snack products and fried foods.
“We’re not able to tell why,” lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson said. “But we have some speculation(推測(cè)).” People who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers, may have more snacks. It may influence their long-term diet quality. It’s also possible that TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks make teenagers eat more of those foods. TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.
The researchers found a clear relationship between TV time during high school and diet quality of the young. The heaviest TV viewers ate the most junk food five years later, and those who’d watched fewer than two hours every day had the most fruits and vegetables.
According to Barr-Anderson, the findings support experts’ advice that children should watch no more than two hours of television every day. “Parents should cut the TV time.” Barr-Anderson said. She advised that parents set a good example by eating right, being physically active and controlling their own TV time.
1.Is it clear that television is the reason for young people’s poor diet?
(2 marks)
2.What kind of TV ads will makes teenagers eat more unhealthy food?
(no more than 10 words)
(2 marks)
3.According to Barr-Anderson, what should parents do to set a good example for their children? (no more than 15 words) (3 marks)
4.What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 10 words)
(3 marks)
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010年廣東省佛山市高一上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語卷 題型:閱讀理解
There are many colors in nature. But do you know if a color has weight? I think you’ll say “no”. But I am afraid you are wrong. If you don’t believe, you may do a small experiment.
First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the box. Third, wrap one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier.
Why do you think so? A scientist found that different colors have different weight in a man’s mind. So he did man tests and at last he got the result. That is to say, every color has its own weight in our mind and their order is the same. The heaviest color is red, then blue, green, orange, yellow and white.
The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the color? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wavelength. It reaches our brain through sense organs (感覺器官).
According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill. For example, if you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture for two hours, you’ll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you’ll feel you have been there for only an hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room, his temperature will fall. That means our body temperature will change with different colors.
1.The purpose of the second paragraph is to tell us ___________.
A. a red box is heavier than a white one
B. a color has weight in one’s mind
C. white paper is lighter than red paper
D. you can know the weight of a color by holding it
2. Why did the scientist say colors have smell?
A. Because people can sense the light from colors.
B. Because we can smell colors with our nose.
C. Because every color has its own sweet smell.
D. Because every color can give off light of the same length.
3. If a person walks from a blue room to a red room, his body temperature will ___________.
A. rise B. fall C. stay the same D. change now and then
4.It can be implied from the text that ___________.
A. colors have orders in weight
B. colors can change the weight of an object
C. people would stay longer in a room with red windows
D. colors can affect our mood and health
5.This passage is probably a ___________.
A. book review B. fiction novel C. fairy tale D. science report
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