Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003．This process is called biofabrication (生物制造) . It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.

Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their three-D printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks. Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖) , which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer.

Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bio-printer, is a great help to the biofabrication process.

The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器) , containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released.

Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated— machine-operated. He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.

The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.

But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.

Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.

“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can’t touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”

1.What can we know about the bio-inks?

A．They are the necessities of bio-printing.

B．They only contain proteins and glucose.

C．They can be placed in the traditional printers.

D．They are available in our local drugstores.

2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?

A．Researchers can’t find enough living cells of animals to make the bio-inks.

B．The price of the bio-printer is too high and most people can’t afford it.

C．Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.

D．People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.

3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that .

A．the Palmetto bio-printer can work without power

B．the Palmetto bio-printer has been used to treat the patients

C．the Palmetto bio-printer can only be found in the United States

D．the Palmetto bio-printer will have a bright future in medical use

4.The passage mainly tells us about .

A．the three-D printer and its working principles

B．the bio-inks and their use in bio-printing

C．the spread use of the bio-printer in the USA

D．the growing demand for biofabrication

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Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country’s population begins to drop? Many people，after all，believe that population decline is a good thing．But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

An aging population can create many problems．Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention．Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions．In the US，the Social Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2018．It will pay out more money than it takes in．Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry。level positions that pay low wages．With an able to do them．Many of these jobs are aging population，who will fill them? At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills．Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration．Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment．Many are willing to take jobs that cannot(or will not) be filled by the domestic population．Others are well educated and highly skilled．Both groups contribute to a country’s economy progress in many ways．Further, they add to the richness of a country’s culture．Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands．As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win—win situation．

1.In the writer’s view，which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good．

B．Achieving ZPG is every country’s aim in spite of its side effects．

C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens．

D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment．

2. According to the passage，the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is ．

A．to improve the health care system B．to increase RNI

C．to increase employment D．to increase migration

3.The underlined words “the domestic population’’ can be replaced by ．

A．people within the country B．people from developing countries

C．people without a college education D．people living abroad

4.The main idea of the last paragraph is

A．the advantages of increased migration

B．the problem of declining and aging population

C．how to increase migration

D．some ways to enrich a country’s culture

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The figure skating team will look forward to changing their medal into a gold ____ at the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, ___ they have been dreaming of for many years.

A. it; one B. that; it C. one; one D. ones; that

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Jing has found that one of the main reasons why the suicide rate has dropped was the steady and big decline in the number of suicides committed by rural women. In the early years, researchers generally agreed that the suicide rate among Chinese women was higher than among men, which is pretty rare in the rest the world. But the suicide rate among Chinese women, especially in rural areas, has declined remarkably in recent years. In fact, it is almost equal to that of Chinese men.

As a sociologist, Jing regards suicide as a social issue, and believes improvement of social policies will reduce the suicide rate even further. More people’s lives can be saved if the authorities adjust to social environment for the better, he concludes.

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A. China has been ranked among those with the highest suicide rates in the world

B. in the rest of the world suicide rate has been rising quickly in the last few years

C. different from Michael R. Philip’s idea, the trend of suicides in China is declining

D. the suicide rate among Chinese women is lower than that of men

2.The data in Para. 2 is mainly to prove that ________.

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B. Jing’s research is more complicated than Michael R. Phillip’s

C. Jing has made great efforts to make the research

D. China’s suicide rate was comparatively low all the time

3.Why has the suicide rate in China dropped steadily according to Jing Jun?

A. Because the life level of Chinese people has improved a lot.

B. Because China’s government has adopted measures to reduce the suicide rate.

C. Because the number of Chinese women who commit suicide has declined.

D. Because the world environment affects the suicide rate in China.

4.In Jing’s opinion, what should be done to reduce the suicide?

A. Pay more attention to rural women.

B. Continue to improve social environment.

C. Set up more mental health centers.

D. Make policies to prevent suicides.

5.We can infer that the text is _______.

A. a news report

B. a research report

C. a description of suicides

D. an introduction to a professor

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短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分, 滿分10分）

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增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ ＼）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

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2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起） 不計分

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So far there had been no conclusion over the matter.

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Dad: OK, kid, what' s so important 1. we have to meet in secret?

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假定你在參加一場英語辯論賽，你是正方辯手，試用英語簡要地表明自己的觀點。

主題

Shall a senior school student take a part-time job in holidays?

觀點

1. 高中生重視功課，面對社會所知甚少。

2．假期做a part-time job是很好的社會實踐。

3. 假期是最好的補償時間。

3．通過書本學到的東西不如通過經(jīng)驗學到的東西有效。

4．通過社會實踐，我們可以在知識和能力兩個方面取得進步。

5．假期做a part-time job的報酬對家里或多或少有些幫助。

結論

高中生……

注意：（社會實踐：social practice; 社會：society ; 知識：knowledge ）

1、 詞數(shù)100左右；2、開頭已為你寫好。

Here are my points. _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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I was wondering _____ that he won his regulars back so soon.

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Windbreaks are barriers（屏障）formed by trees and other plants．Farmers plant these barriers around their fields，which help prevent the loss of soil，and stop the wind from blowing soil away．They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops．Besides，extra trees and plants can be cut down and used or sold for wood．

Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops．For example，in parts of West Africa grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared with fields without them．

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A. providing humans with shade from the sun

B. increasing the production of grain harvests

C. keeping the wind from destroying grain crops

D. reducing the damaging effects of wind and rain

2.The author thinks windbreaks are interesting because ______.

A. windbreaks can stop the wind getting through

B. the movement of air lifts the soil

C. large trees are lined with short ones

D. windbreaks allow some wind to pass through

3.If the trees grow to a height of 30 feet, the areas the windbreak can protect are ______.

A. 150 square feet B. 100 square feet

C. 300 square feet D. 240 square feet

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. The environment is going from bad to worse.

B. Windbreaks can contribute to agriculture harvests. .

C. Trees and plants from abroad are the best for windbreaks.

D. Extra trees and plants can be cut down for wood

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