Winston Churchill was born into a famous family．His father was a successful politician．However, as a boy, Churchill was considered a slow learner in school．Later he entered the Army and saw action in various countries．
In October 1900, Churchill began his political career．For the next sixty years Churchill’s work as a great politician was both brighter and more difficult than his father’s had been．In 1939 German attacked Poland．Churchill prepared to fight．In 1940 he became the Prime Minister of English．
France fell．The Germans fought their way through Western Europe．It looked as if Britain was about to lose the war．Was it now possible to ask for peace, and listen to Hitler?
Churchill spoke: “I have nothing to offer but blood, hard work , tears and sweat… You ask what is our policy? I will tell you, it is to fight, by sea , by land and air, with all our force and with all the strength that God can give us．You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory．”
The Germans began moving their armies to the French coast and prepared to go to war with British．The British had not enough guns to go around．Churchill gave the answer: “ We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be．We shall fight on the coast ; we shall fight on the landing grounds; we shall fight in the fields and in the streets; we shall fight in the hills; we shall never give up．”
By his courage and hard work, Churchill heartened his people and other nations fighting together against Hitler．Victory finally came when the Germans lost World War II．
Churchill died in 1965 and was given a state funeral．This was a fitting payment to one of all the greatest men the world had ever seen．
【小題1】Churchill ______ before he became a politician．

A．was a slow studentB．was an army man
C．helped his father in his careerD．had little interest in politics
【小題2】The Germans attacked British _______．
A．a(chǎn)fter France was defeated B．before France fell
C．soon after Poland was attackedD．before Churchill became the Prime Minister
【小題3】The underlined word “heartened” probably means ______ in this passage．
A．surprisedB．encouragedC．a(chǎn)sked forD．called for
【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Churchill had worked as a politician for more than sixty years．
B．The writer admired and respected Churchill very much．
C．Churchill was not so clever as his father．
D．Churchill was one of the most inspiring, brave and wise leaders in the British history．


【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】C

解析試題分析：本文主要講述了英國著名首相丘吉爾的一生的主要故事。
【小題1】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章1,2段．Later he entered the Army and saw action in various countries．
In October 1900, Churchill began his political career可知他是先參軍，如何才從政，故B正確。
【小題2】A 推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段France fell．The Germans fought their way through Western Europe．It looked as if Britain was about to lose the war．可知德國是在打敗法國以后才準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)攻英國，故A正確。
【小題3】B 推理題。根據(jù)本段   By his courage and hard work, Churchill heartened his people and other nations fighting together against Hitler．Victory finally came when the Germans lost World War II．可知他是在鼓勵(lì)他的國民為了勝利而斗爭，故該詞是指鼓勵(lì)的意思，故B正確。
【小題4】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段1,2行  In October 1900, Churchill began his political career．For the next sixty years Churchill’s work as a great politician was both brighter and more difficult than his father’s had been可知他做政客的表現(xiàn)比他爸爸的預(yù)料要更好，說明C項(xiàng)說法是錯(cuò)誤的。
考點(diǎn)：考察人物傳記類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評：本文主要講述了英國著名首相丘吉爾的一生的主要故事。本文細(xì)節(jié)題居多，答題時(shí)在文章找到對應(yīng)的地方，用筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，這有利于后期有時(shí)間檢查時(shí)可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔細(xì)理解作者所講的意思，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，通過排除法和自己對全文的把握，選出正確答案。

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When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．

       The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．

       There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．

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       C．more observers ．   D．younger observers

Genovese was murdered                    .

       A．while she was going out        B．in her apartment

       C．halfway home           D．in front of her apartment ?

The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．

       A．not doing anything to help      B．behaving in correct ways

       C．taking action           D．murdering

We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．

       A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

       B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．

       C．didn't get along well with her

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When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses． This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964． Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work． As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley． Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help． The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．
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A．it somehow caused the murder of
B．its discovery resulted from the murder of
C．it was actually discovered by
D．it always makes people think of
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C．want to be sure it's appropriate to react
D．wonder if the victim is worth helping
【小題5】The article seems to suggest that, if there had been         observers, Genovese might not have been murdered．   
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III.閱讀理解(20×2)
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A．headmaster of Harrow SchoolB．a(chǎn) leader of the Britain Navy
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