Question

【題目】 A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.

Researchers from the University of Yale based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanomas(黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.

Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence(發(fā)生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.

But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.

The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑), for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.

The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.

【1】The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means ________.

A.evidencesB.factsC.faultsD.failures

【2】People with fair skin and freckles ________.

A.seldom use sunscreenB.are more in danger of skin cancerC.can be free from the harm of the sun D.often expose themselves to the sun

【3】We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B.the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C.the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D.the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

【4】Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A.Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

B.Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C.Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen

D.Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

本文是說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有證據(jù)表明通常用來(lái)降低皮膚潰瘍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防曬霜實(shí)際上會(huì)增加患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

【1】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, …, actually increase the risk.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有證據(jù)表明防曬霜實(shí)際上增加了皮膚癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些研究報(bào)告了使用防曬霜和患黑色素瘤的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的聯(lián)系是存在“缺陷”的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑), for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.可知，例如，皮膚白皙、有雀斑的人——更有可能使用防曬霜。因此，使用防曬霜的人似乎更容易得癌癥。由此推知，皮膚白皙、有雀斑的人更有患皮膚癌的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段...which is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States.可知，在美國(guó)，皮膚癌的發(fā)病率比其他任何一種癌癥都增長(zhǎng)得快。由此可知，在美國(guó)，皮膚癌患者的數(shù)量正在增加。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有證據(jù)表明通常用來(lái)降低皮膚潰瘍風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防曬霜實(shí)際上會(huì)增加患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章主要談?wù)摲罆袼�與皮服癌的關(guān)系，并從最新的研究中證明sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer。由此可知，A項(xiàng)適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。