Question

【題目】 The negative (負(fù)面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week can’t be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.

Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.

The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption (代謝紊亂) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday.

“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they’re gone when you go back to your routine. It’s very short-lived,” said Kenneth Wright, who led the research. “These health effects are long-term. It’s kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be.”

Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep — cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment. Even when people don’t have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.

【1】What had the researchers already known before doing the new research?

A.The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.

B.Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.

C.People’s habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.

D.The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.

【2】Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _________.

A.call on smokers to completely abandon smoking

B.advise people to go to sleep when they want to smoke

C.show people have known the harm brought by smoking

D.show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation

【3】What does the underlined word “prioritize” probably mean?

A.Have a low opinion of something.

B.Increase the amount of something.

C.Cut down something that isn’t necessary any more.

D.Treat something as being more important than others.

【4】What can be the best title for the text?

A.Weekend Catch-up Sleep Is a Lie

B.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to Health

C.A New Study Has an Unexpected Discovery

D.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)一項(xiàng)研究與對(duì)比舉例的方法讓大家明白周末馬拉松式的“補(bǔ)覺(jué)”并不能扭轉(zhuǎn)工作日睡眠不足對(duì)健康的負(fù)面影響。人們應(yīng)該把睡眠放在優(yōu)先地位。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes（研究人員很早就知道長(zhǎng)期的睡眠缺乏會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加和像糖尿病這樣的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知，人們很早就知道長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足會(huì)給身體帶來(lái)的危害。故選B。

【2】推理判斷題。由第四段中Kenneth Wright說(shuō)的最后兩句話可知：長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足給健康造成的危害是長(zhǎng)期的，就像曾經(jīng)的抽煙習(xí)慣一樣---人們抽煙，沒(méi)有看到立即的效應(yīng)，但是現(xiàn)在人們會(huì)說(shuō)抽煙是不健康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽煙一樣。也就是說(shuō)作者用這個(gè)比喻是想讓大家知道終究會(huì)有一天人們會(huì)注意到睡眠不足帶來(lái)的壞處。故選D。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線單詞后有一個(gè)破折后，起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。由破折后的句意（減少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行為，比如看電視節(jié)目或者花時(shí)間在電子設(shè)備上）可知，我們需要把睡眠放在優(yōu)先的地位。也就是說(shuō)要把睡眠看的比看電視節(jié)目、看電子設(shè)備等等這些行為更重要。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章第一段就說(shuō)明了文章中心。第一段段意為：一項(xiàng)發(fā)人深省的新研究表明，周末馬拉松式的“補(bǔ)覺(jué)”并不能扭轉(zhuǎn)工作日睡眠不足對(duì)健康的負(fù)面影響。也就是說(shuō)周末的補(bǔ)覺(jué)是一個(gè)謊言。故選A。

主旨大意題是篇章閱讀一個(gè)主要的考察方式，標(biāo)題題（best title）是其一個(gè)典型的考點(diǎn)，也是高考閱讀中每年的必考題。主旨大意題解題技巧是不要被文章細(xì)節(jié)所干擾。一般有兩種方式解題：一是看首尾段，根據(jù)首尾段內(nèi)容總結(jié)主題思想；二是看每段段首句，根據(jù)所有段首句總結(jié)主題思想。例如本文中的第四題，就是主旨大意題中的小標(biāo)題題。由于這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章一開(kāi)始就說(shuō)明了本文談?wù)摰挠^點(diǎn)：周末馬拉松式的“補(bǔ)覺(jué)”并不能扭轉(zhuǎn)工作日睡眠不足對(duì)健康的負(fù)面影響。剩下段落通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)與比喻的方式分別讓大家對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)有了深入的認(rèn)識(shí)，最后一段中是作者給給大家提出的建議。故選A。