Question

(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mother?substitute(母親替代物)．

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother?substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother?substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接觸)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(長時間的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother?substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(擁抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．

1.Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A．Warmth. B．Milk.

C．Contact. D．Trust.

2.After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.

A．larger in size

B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing

D．more comfortable to rub against

3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？

A．Attention. B．Softness.

C．Confidence. D．Interest.

4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

5.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．give the reasons for the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

 

Answer 1

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.D

5.B

【解析】　本文是一篇實驗報告。作者通過一系列的舉例旨在告訴讀者實驗中幼猴對媽媽的依賴。

1.

2.2】解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。第三段中的第一句“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？”是本段的主題句。整個段落解釋了“為什么出生兩周后的猴子更喜歡布媽媽”。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Something that the Harlows called contact(接觸)comfort seems to be the answer...”可知，布媽媽接觸起來更舒適，所以選D項。

3.3】解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句“Prolonged(長時間的)‘contact comfort’with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence...”可知，長時間與布媽媽接觸會給幼猴信心。

4.4】解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的敘述可知，幼猴來到陌生的環(huán)境會感到害怕，會尋找媽媽的懷抱，但是只要有了安全感，它就會開心地玩玩具，不那么在意媽媽是否在身邊了。故D項正確。

5.5】解析：選B。主旨大意題。通讀文章可知，本文旨在告訴讀者實驗中關(guān)于幼猴對媽媽依賴的發(fā)現(xiàn)。