When you run, you put force that is equal to three times your body weight on your feet. The human foot contains twenty muscles. This means that there is a lot that can go wrong when you run.
Most sports have some kind of running or jumping So experts at many shoe companies work hard to design good sport shoes. First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .Engineers then improve the design. A second computer designs a model for the shoe. Then a few pairs are made. Next, the shoe is tested.
Different kinds of sports shoes are made for different uses. Some are made to help marathon(馬拉松) runners save energy during a race. Some are made for the stop-and-go kind of running tennis players. But all sport shoes have one thing in common: they are designed to help people’s feet comfortable during sports. Today, nearly every sport has its own special shoe designed for just the kind of running that sport needs.
小題1:The first in making a new shoe is to ________.
A．make a computerB．put a design plan into a computer
C．design a shoe modelD．test several pairs
小題2:Why are good sport shoes welcome to people?
A．Because they are comfortable to wear.
B．Because they help to develop leg muscles.
C．Because they help to change body weight.
D．Because they are both good and cheap.
小題3:What is not talked about in the passage?
A．The number of the bones of human muscles.
B．The design for a shoe model.
C．The materials of sport shoes.
D．The effect of shoes upon sports.
小題4:How many steps are there in the making of a shoe?
A．ThreeB．FourC．FiveD．Six
小題5:Different kinds of sport shoes ________.
A．a(chǎn)re made in different shoe companies
B．a(chǎn)re designed for people of the different weight
C．a(chǎn)re of the same price
D．meet the needs of different sportsmen

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:C
小題5:D

試題分析：文章介紹了運動鞋的制作步驟，不同的運動鞋有不同的功能，主要是為了人們穿的舒服。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .可知是先在電腦里面設計鞋子。選B
小題2:細節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：But all sport shoes have one thing in common: they are designed to help people’s feet comfortable during sports.可知這些鞋子是為了人們穿的舒服。選A
小題3:排除題：文章第一段提到A項，第二段提到B項，第三段提到D，沒有提到C。
小題4:細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .Engineers then improve the design. A second computer designs a model for the shoe. Then a few pairs are made. Next, the shoe is tested.可知是做個鞋子是需要五步，選C。
小題5:細節(jié)題：從最后一句話：nearly every sport has its own special shoe designed for just the kind of running that sport needs.可知不同的設計是為了滿足運動的需求。選D。
點評：文章介紹了運動鞋的制作步驟，不同的運動鞋有不同的功能，主要是為了人們穿的舒服。這類文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰易懂，集中考查了句意理解題和細節(jié)題，要求考生有較強的細節(jié)理解能力。做題時也可以結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷。
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A．Short people and their taller peers
B．Men and women
C．Short stature and short life
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小題2:“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .
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B．Women were more likely to die at a young age.
C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.
D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.
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A．less childhood nutritionB．heart disease
C．some illnessesD．high blood pressure
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The effect is so great that researchers from the University of Bristol said those children with a "healthier" diet may get an IQ improvement．
Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child's early life as the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life．
This indicated head growth at this time is linked to intellectual ability and “it is possible that good nutrition（營養(yǎng)） during this period may encourage excellent brain growth” ．
Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of around 14,000 children born in 1991 and 1992 as part of the West Country's Avon Longitudinal（縱向的）Study of Parents and Children （ ALSPAC） ．
Parents were questioned about the types and frequency of the food and drink their children consumed when they were three, four, seven and eight and a half years old． According to their different changing form, these children were marked and given grades which ranged from minus two for the most healthy to10 for the most unhealthy．
In the research, IQ was measured of 4,000 children when they were eight and half years old,  using a validated（經(jīng)過認證的）test－the Wechsler Intelligence Scale（韋氏兒童智力量表） for Children．
The results found after taking account of some influential factors, a leading processed food diet at the age of three was associated with a lower IQ at the age of eight and a half , whether the diet was improved after that age．
Every l point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a l.67 fall in IQ．
小題1:Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early life because        .
A．the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life．
B．those children with a "healthier" diet must get an IQ improvement．
C．children brought up on healthy diets are less intelligent．
D．these children were given good grades．
小題2:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Those children with a "healthier" diet may get an IQ improvement．
B．Good nutrition at any stage may encourage excellent brain growth．
C．Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of about 14,000 children．
D．Every l point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a l．67 fall in IQ．
小題3:The results found if a child ate a leading processed food diet when he was 3, he would          ．
A．have a higher IQ
B．have a higher IQ as long as he improved his diet
C．have one IQ when he was 8
D．have a lower IQ whether he improved his diet
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A．Food for thought
B．What is healthy food?
C．Healthy diet improves children's intelligence
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Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics (遺傳學) might help explain the racial and ethnic（種族的） differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (針對) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
小題1:Researchers agree that it is     that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A．the larger amount of smoking than white people
B．the living style or habit of the blacks
C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
小題2:People in the new study are made up of         .
A．heavy smokers in AmericaB．smokers and non-smokers
C．the Asians and HawaiiansD．the black and white people
小題3:The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to     .
A．explain different races react to some diseases differently
B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
A．The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.
B．Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.
C．The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine.
D．he risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes.

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