1.Four extra points of IQ,an extra year's education and a significantly enhanced income at the age of 30.Those are the benefits of having been breast-fed,according to a study just published in Lancet Global Health by Bernardo Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas,in Brazil,and his colleagues.
Previous research has suggested that breast-feeding has beneficial long-term effects.But Dr Horta's work is particularly persuasive because it looks at adults rather than children and teenagers,and because it contradicts the suggestion that social class is a confounding variable(混雜變量),with rich mothers tending to breast-feed more than poor mothers do.
The participants in the study were among a group of Brazilians born in Pelotas in 1982.Following a cohort(一群人) like this through their lives is an established method of medical research.It lets doctors test hypotheses that retrospective(涉及以往的) examination,relying on memory,cannot address reliably.In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493members of the cohort whose diet as babies,including their consumption of breast milk,had been recorded at the time,ask them some questions,and give them an IQ test.
Comparing those who,as babies,had been breast-fed for less than a month with those who had been so fed for more than a year,Dr Horta found the latter's IQ was 3.76points higher than the former's and that they had attended school for 0.91years longer.The income data were slightly more complicated.Those breast-fed for over a year had incomes 15% higher than those suckled for less than a month,but those breast-fed for six to 12months did even better,at 55%.These effects,moreover,were unaffected by a family's income at the time a study participant was born.
The reasons for this are not known for certain,though it is easy to speculate.Human milk has,presumably,been optimised for human nutrition by evolution.The social contact involved in suckling may also have an effect.But the underlying cause is less important than the result.As Winston Churchill once said,"there is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies."Add the word"mother's"in front of"milk",and the returns on that investment get finer still.
41.The benefits of having been breast-fed don't includeA.
A.better academic performance
B.a(chǎn)n enhanced income at the age of 30
C.a(chǎn)n extra year's education
D.higher IQ
42.Which of the following descriptions about the reasearch is correct according to the passage?C
A.In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493people randomly.
B.The participants in the study were among a group of Brazilian adults in 1982.
C.An IQ test was conducted among some memebers of the cohort for the research.
D.The diet of the cohort as babies didn't include their consumption of breast milk.
43.Which of the following statement may the author most probably agree with?D
A.Scientist know exactly the reasons for the influence of suckling.
B.Having been breast-fed as babies will surely influence a person's income in the future positively.
C.The result of suckling is less more important than the cause.
D.Putting milk into babies is very important for any community.
44.The underlined phrase speculate in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toB.
A.understand
B.guess
C.expect
D.know
45.What is the passage mainly about?A
A.Breast-feeding,beneficial to future development.
B.A finer investment-putting milk into babies.
C.The finding of a study.
D.The effect of breast-feeding.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了研究表明,母乳喂養(yǎng)有利于增長智商發(fā)育,十分重要.
解答 41.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第一段"Four extra points of IQ,an extra year's education and a significantly enhanced income at the age of 30.Those are the benefits of having been breast-fed",這智商更高,一年的額外教育和在30歲的時(shí)候顯著提高的收入,這些都是擁有母乳喂養(yǎng)的好處;故選A.
42.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第三段"In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493members of the cohort whose diet as babies,including their consumption of breast milk,had been recorded at the time,ask them some questions,and give them an IQ test",在2012年2013 Dr Horta設(shè)法追蹤該隊(duì)列的嬰兒3493名成員的飲食,包括母乳的消耗,一直在記錄,并且問他們一些問題,給他們進(jìn)行IQ測試;故選C.
43.D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段As Winston Churchill once said,"there is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies."Add the word"mother's"in front of"milk",and the returns on that investment get finer still可知用牛奶喂養(yǎng)嬰兒對任何社區(qū)都很重要;故選D.
44.B.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)最后一段The reasons for this are not known for certain,though it is easy to speculate可知這其中的原因是不確定,但很容易推斷;意為猜測;故選B.
45.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段Previous research has suggested that breast-feeding has beneficial long-term effects可知文章的主要內(nèi)容是母乳喂養(yǎng)利于未來發(fā)展;故選A.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.