B
Domestic (馴養(yǎng)的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (馴服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.
Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.
As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.
Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (礦井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.
The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
小題1:Before domestication horses were ______.
A．caught for sports B．hunted for food
C．made to pull ploughsD．used to carry people
小題2:The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show ______.
A．it is smaller than the Clydesdale horseB．horse used to have gentle personalities
C．some horses have better shaped than others
D．horses were of less variety before domestication
小題3:Horses contributed to the spread of culture by ______.
A．carrying heavy loadsB．changing farming methods
C．serving as a means of transportD．a(chǎn)dvancing agriculture in different areas
小題4:The passage is mainly about _______.
A．why humans domesticated horsesB．how humans and horses needed each other
C．why horses came in different shapes and sizes
D．how human societies and horses influenced each other

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:D

小題1:從第二段第一句可以看出，幾千年以前，人們捕殺野馬作為食物。
小題2:考查對說明方法的理解能力。第四段第二句說明，在人們開始馴養(yǎng)馬之前，馬的種類并不多。本段第三句就以The Shetland horse 這種馬為例來解釋本段第二句的觀點。
小題3:考查細節(jié)理解的能力。從文中最后一句可以看出，使用馬作為新型、快捷的交通工具，有助于世界文化的傳播。
小題4:考查細節(jié)理解的能力。前四段說明，人類馴養(yǎng)了野馬，使得馬的種類繁多，這是人類社會對馬的影響；最后一段說明，馬作為交通工具加速了人類文化傳播的進程。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A．a(chǎn)ffectedB．sharedC．satisfiedD．narrowed
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D．What the Americans do to help tsunami victims.
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A. drinking some alcohol           B. keeping ourselves awake
C. taking some medicine            D. sleeping while flying
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When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions:
Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus—“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.”  We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—“All kids get into mischief(頑皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We call change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”..
1.While observing a particular person,        .
A.one is likely to take all aspects into consideration
B.one pays more attention to his or her advantages
C.children often differ from gown?ups in perception
D.one tends to choose certain cues to look for
2.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because         .
A.their yardsticks are not the same
B.either of them may be slow to catch information
C.the time for observations is not long enough
D.each of them uses different language to express his or her impressions
3.The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 means to         .
A.understand something                          B.try to do something
C.pay no attention to something                   D.know something better
4.The worst thing in selective perception is that         .
A.perceived information runs against your desire
B.facts can be totally ignored and distorted
C.importance of contradictory information can be overrated
D.the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours—there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守時) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
小題1:The passage is mainly about ________.
A．communication types
B．the workplace atmosphere
C．customs and social manners
D．living conditions and standards
小題2:Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?
A．They put efficiency in the first place.
B．They dislike face-to-face communication.
C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.
D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
小題3:In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
A．When greeting seniors.
B．When meeting the host alone.
C．When attending a presentation.
D．When dining with business partners.
小題4:In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
A．In Brazil.B．In Singapore.
C．In the United Arab Emirate.D．In Switzerland.

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