Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game.

Why is poker(撲克)so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players’ cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents’ hands from their actions----tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.

Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold’s Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神經(jīng)的)networks and reinforcement learning(強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)).

Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.

Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”

After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.

1.Why can’t the computer beat humans at the poker game?

A. Because humans are cleverer than the computer

B. Because humans practice playing the poker game every day

C. Because the computer can’t know the other players’ cards completely

D. Because the computer can’t learn the regular rules of the poker game

2.What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Leaves B. Defeats C. Cheats D. Serves

3.What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?

A. It solves problems correctly every time

B. It is the same as the learning of humans

C. It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task

D. It is more developed than the studying ways of humans

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. The new procedure of AI has some features of humans

B. Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect

C. Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever

D. Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game

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Dear Sir to Madam,

I am glad to have read your advertisement.___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly,

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Not everyone agrees on that bad habits are. Some smokers aren’t think smoking is a bad habit. Young people don’t think listen to loud music on the train is also a bad habit.

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Dictionaries are not closed books. There is still plenty of room for more words in these great vocabulary authorities.

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19．Good morning，ladies and gentlemen．Today，I would like to draw your attention to a few of our laws．Because we hope that your visit in England will be a pleasant one．
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Finally，it is against the law to buy cigarettes or tobacco （煙草） if you are under
16years old．
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B．Six 
C．Four 
D．Five
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A．in this country，if you are under 18years old，you may not buy alcohol，but your friend can buy it for you
B．because the traffic moves on the right of the road，you must use pedestrian crossing when crossing the road
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B．Your guide
C．Your local police station 
D．Your hotel．

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