Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism(批評) from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive(過多的) amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical(關(guān)鍵的) years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback(反饋) to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (mistake) in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngster’s performances. Positive reinforcement（不斷的鼓勵） motivates(激勵) and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

60. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

       A. Mental stress should be reduced.

       B. Sports should be made less competitive.

       C. Stress should be made less.

       D. Sport can be mentally challenging.

61. According to the passage, young people like sport because ________.

       A. it can help them learn more about society

       B. it enables them to criticize themselves

       C. it can provide them with valuable experiences

       D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

62. According to the passage, parents and coaches should ________.

       A. enable children to enjoy sport

       B. help children to win every game

       C. train children to deal with stress

       D. understand the meaning of sport

63. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.

       A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

       B. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

       C. to stress the importance of encouraging children

       D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

【小題1】D

【小題2】C

【小題3】A

【小題4】C

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If you judge by the number of people who go to see the games and by the number of    1  

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the music and the cheering that    18     it. 　　19     a cool, bright autumn afternoon, there is nothing so colorful and   20    as a football game.

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Notes:

gossip  n. 流言蜚語

spotlight  n. 聚光燈

contract  n. 合同

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E

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The information below is taken from a dictionary page.

jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America.

jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn’t make sense.

2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand.

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javelin: 1. n.. a spear(矛) most commonly used as weapon or in hunting.

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3. n. the event in which a javelin is thrown.

4. v. to strike, as with a javelin.

jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats.

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Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse.

jest: 1.n. thing said or done to cause amusement; joke.

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