Question

19．短文改錯(cuò)
My classmates and I take part in a wildness survival program from July 10th to July 13th this summer．Before we started，we given a compass，a map，a first-aid kit，tents，food，any clothes and so on．On the way we climbed three more hills and swam across two rivers．We lost our way in the forest．Lucky we found the right direction with a compass．As soon as they arrived at the campsite，we put up our tents，made a fire and then started cooking．We also learned what to give first-aid．
Through the program，we learned to use knowledge gaining in class to solve problem．It was quite an unforgettable experience for me．

Answer 1

分析 本文作者主要講述了自己的一次難忘經(jīng)歷，即：今年夏天從7月10日至13日，和同學(xué)們一起參加了這次野外生存訓(xùn)練．在文中，作者主要講到述了他們參加這次野外生存訓(xùn)練的整個(gè)過程以及他們的收獲．

解答 My classmates and I take part in a wildness survival program from July 10th
                              took
to July 13th this summer．Before we started，we∧given a compass，a map，
                                                                       were
a first-aid kit，tents，food，any clothes and so on．On the way we climbed
                                          some
three more hills and swam across two rivers．We lost our way in the forest．
         去掉more
Lucky we found the right direction with a compass．As soon as they arrived at
Luckily                                               the                               we
the campsite，we put up our tents，made a fire and then started cooking．We also
learned what to give first-aid．Through the program，we learned to use knowledge
            how
gaining in class to solve problem．It was quite an unforgettable experience for me．
gained                           problems

1．將take改為took        考查時(shí)態(tài)    根據(jù)下文可知，本文講述的是作者的一次難忘經(jīng)歷，因此句中的時(shí)間狀語"from July 10th to July 13th this summer"表示的應(yīng)是過去的時(shí)間，故用一般過去時(shí)took
2．在given前加were     考查語態(tài)     根據(jù)句意可知，這里講述的是出發(fā)之前的事情，因此應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)；而主語we與動(dòng)詞give構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即在given前加were 
3．將any改為some       考查形容詞的用法    由于此處用在肯定句中，表示"一些"的意思；故將any改為some
4．去掉more               考查句意理解以及形容詞比較級(jí)的用法    本句表達(dá)的意思是：在路上，我們爬了三座山，游過了兩條河；此處沒有同類事物的比較．故此處不能用比較級(jí)more
5．將Lucky改為L(zhǎng)uckily    考查副詞的用法     此處用來修飾整個(gè)句子；故用副詞Luckily
6．將a改為the             考查冠詞的用法     由于"compass"在這里是第二次出現(xiàn)，特指上文提到的指南針；故用定冠詞the
7．將they改為we         考查人稱的一致性     結(jié)合上下文可知，這里指的應(yīng)是我們，即：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)營(yíng)地時(shí)，我們支起了的帳篷，點(diǎn)燃了火把，然后開始做飯；故用we
8．將what改為how       考查特殊疑問詞的用法    分析句意可知，此處應(yīng)表示：我們還學(xué)會(huì)了如何給予急救；故用how
9．將gaining改為gained    考查分詞的用法     分析句意可知，此處在句中作后置定語，修飾名詞knowledge，并與該名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，意為：獲得的知識(shí)；故用過去分詞gained
10．將problem改為problems   考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)     本句的意思是：通過本次訓(xùn)練，我們學(xué)會(huì)了用課堂上獲得的知識(shí)來解決問題；這里指的不應(yīng)只是一個(gè)問題；故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式problems

點(diǎn)評(píng) 短文改錯(cuò)是集語法知識(shí)與語言技能為一體的綜合性試題，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力．錯(cuò)誤類型一般有：缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞．常見的錯(cuò)誤有：1 詞法錯(cuò)誤，主要包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞等詞類誤用、同義詞混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要正確分析句子成分，熟練掌握各詞類的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常見句法錯(cuò)誤．通常表現(xiàn)為簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句以及疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等錯(cuò)誤．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要掌握各類句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及意義用法．3 應(yīng)在理解文章大意的前提下，進(jìn)行作答．