8.There is no doubt that a common language used throughout the world would do much to bring countries closer to each other.Though it is becoming increasingly easy to move from place to place,our inability to communicate with one another gives rise to numerous misunderstandings and makes real contact between people of differing nationalities impossible.Many attempts have been made to overcome this problem and they have all failed.The fear of foreign influence and domination rules out the universal acceptance of any one of the existing major languages.Aware of this difficulty,many linguists have constructed artificial languages which could have no possible political overtones (暗示).They have argued that a language of this sort would perform much the same service as Latin did in the Middle Ages.
Although linguists succeeded in making their artificial languages extremely simple so that they would be easy to learn,their efforts seemed doomed from the start.The reason for this is that there is no real motivation to learn an artificial language.There is nothing to guarantee that everybody is willing to make the effort; there is no assurance that the learner will have any adequate return for his hard work.When people today undertake to learn a foreign language,they are not interested only in speaking it.Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications.This is the biggest stumbling-block of all for the artificially-constructed tongue.Having no literature of its own,all it can offer is a limited number of translations,which are valueless in themselves.Nor can it acquire any literature;for it would have to be used for a great many generations before this could become possible.Moreover,constant use over a long period would bring into being many'national'dialects and the language would thus defeat its own purpose.
Another serious objection is the fact that a language is shaped by use and not by design.It is a living thing which is forever growing and changing.It takes hundreds of years before it can acquire richness and depth.In an artificial language,however,the meanings of words are rigidly defined.Inflexibility makes for an absence of subtlety (微妙),so that no really fine meaning can be conveyed.Though this quality might be admirable for scientific publications,it greatly slows the formation of any significant literature.Latin was ideal in this respect,for it was a'dead'language with a literature; an artificial one is'dead'from the start.This makes it likely that existing language barriers will remain with us for a very long time.
59.What would be the best title for this passage?C
A.A Solution to Language Barrier
B.Language Barriers In Communication
C.Problems With Artificial Languages
D.Latin,A Dead But Ideal Language
60.What does the underlined word"doomed"in Paragraph 2mean?A
A.defeated B.a(chǎn)cclaimed C.disliked D.welcomed
61.Artificial languages haven't succeeded in overcoming language barriers mainly becauseB.
A.they lack motivation to learners
B.they have no literature of their own
C.they are designed but not shaped in use
D.they will be mixed with national dialects
62.The author's attitude towards artificial languages can be best described asD.
A.optimistic B.sarcastic C.positive D.negative.
分析 本文中主要是在談?wù)撊嗽煺Z言所面臨的各種問題.
解答 CABD
59.C 主旨題.雖然 A、B、D三項本文都有所涉及,但都不能最好地概括文章主題.通覽全文,我們可以看到,作者在本文中主要還是在談人造語言所面臨的各種問題.
60.A 詞匯題.第二段第一句講,"雖然語言學(xué)家把人造語言編造得極其簡單,以便于人們學(xué)習(xí)掌握,但他們的努力似乎一開始就…". 接下來一句便對這一結(jié)果解釋說,其原因在于學(xué)人造語言缺乏一種真正的incentive(刺激,鼓勵).由此可以推斷,語言學(xué)家的努力沒有成功.
61.B 推理題,問人造語言沒有成功地克服語言障礙的原因是什么,推理依據(jù)為第二段第五、六兩句.這兩句話是:Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications.This is the biggist stumbling-block of all for the artificially-constructed tongue.
62.D 主旨題,問作者對人造語言持什么態(tài)度.全文都在講人造語言所存在的問題,當(dāng)然也就是持否定態(tài)度了.
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點.