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      Joseph Pulitzer（April 10，1847—October 29，1911）was a Hungarian—American publisher best known for establishing the Pulitzer Prizes after death．

      Pulitzer was born in Makó，Hungary．At 17，Pulitzer attempted to join the Austrian army．but was turned down due to age，bad health and poor eyesight. Disappointed but still with hope，he traveled first to Paris and then to London, hoping to join the army there. And he was rejected for the same reasons. Finally, he moved to the United States in 1846 and served in the Lincoln Army when he was just 18 until the end of the American Civil War. After the war he settled in St. Louis Missouri, where in 1868 he started working as a reporter for a German-language daily newspaper, the Westliche Post fro $3,000. Then , in 1879, he bought the St. Louis Dispatch for $2,700 and merged （合作） the two papers as the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, which remained St. Louis’ daily newspaper. He bought the New York World in 1883, which turned out to be a successful decision, and which made Pulitzer wealthy. In 1885, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, but resigned after a few months’ service. In 1895 the New York World introduced the first newspaper comic printed with color. Under Pulitzer’s leadership circulation （發(fā)行量） grew from 15,000 to 600,000, making it the largest newspaper in the country . But unfortunately from 1890, Pulitzer’s already failing health worsened rapidly and he with drew from direct management of the newspaper, and simply gave some instructions from his vacation houses in Maine or in New York. At the ago of some instructions from his vacation houses in Maine or in New York. At the age of forty, he was struck blind, but he still continued to run his press empire for twenty-two more years.

       In 1892, Pulitzer offered Columbia University’s president money to set up the world’s first school of journalism. But the university turned down the offer. In 1902, Columbia’s new president willingly accepted the plan for a school and prizes,  but it would not be until after Pulitzer’s death that this dream would come true．Pulitzer left the university$2 million in his will，which led to the creation in 1912 of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism．And up till now，Columbia’s Graduate School of Journalism still remains one of the most famous in the world．

      Joseph Pulitzer died aboard his sailing boat in 1911．He was buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx，New York．In 1917．the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded，as Pulitzer wished to．

    In 1989，in honor of his great achievements and contributions，Pulitzer was included in the St．Louis Walk of Fame．

Title：A biography of a famous person

Name

Joseph Pulitzer

Dates of birth and death

April 10, 1947—October 29， 1911

Birth place

Makó, Hungary

 1  place

The Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, NY

 2

Hungarian-American

Profession

Reporter, publisher

   3  

Military career

·at 17, made several   4  to join the army , but failed for his age, bad health and poor eyesight.

·at 18 , eventually served in the Lincoln’s Army in the USA

Newspaper career

Newspaper career

·in 1868．began working as a reporter for the Westliche Post，a daily newspaper

·from 1872 to 1882，succeeded in  5  three newspapers

·in 1895，introduced the first newspaper comic printed with color

·from 1890，managed the newspaper   6  for health reason

Achievements

&

contributions

   7 career

·joined the Republican Party and in 1869 was elected to the Missouri State Assembly

·in 1885，was elected to the U．S．House of Representatives．but  8

  for only a short time．

made the New York World the largest newspaper in the country，with it。

circulation（發(fā)行量）growing from 15，000 to 600，000

·in 1912，helped to  9  the Columbia University Graduate School of

 Journalism，which remains one of the most famous in the world

·established the Pulitzer Prizes through his will

 10 

·In 1989, was included in the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

1．Burial/ Bruying

2．Nationality

3．experiences/stories

4．a(chǎn)ttempts

5．purchasing/buying

6．indirectly

7．Political

8．served

9．create/establish/found

10．Honor

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

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The changing food of early humans

Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.

Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.

Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish? Ks5u

Main comparisons

Contexts

___ are changing

In the past people put caring, sharing  and generosity in the first _____.

Nowadays, people seem to be more _____about themselves.

___are changing too.

People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing（謙讓的）.

People may strive to achieve their own ___ at the price of their coworkers.

The author’s  understanding

_______ for the changes in author’s eyes

Fierce __ and great ____on modern people may be responsible for the changes.

The author’s _____towards topic

A relationship which can _____ two sides should be established.

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When it comes to studying, some students may have different study habits, and some ways of studying may work for one and may not for another student. However, there are certain basic rules that can prove to be effective(有效的) in studying for an exam.

Make a plan for how to develop good study habits that last long. A plan should include a schedule(時(shí)間表) on when to study. It doesn’t have to be fixed(固定) and can be changed in case something more important and unexpected comes up. Start with a weekly schedule and determine which period of the day is filled with classes. Use some of the remaining time to study. When creating（制定） the schedule, one should include laboratory activities and extracurricular(課外的) work and take care of personal things and the job if there is one.

Study when one is fully awake and energetic（精力充沛）; it is recommended. Study for no less than 30 to 90minutes after a meal or two hours every day. If one is tired from work and decides to study, it may not be effective, especially if one finds the subject too difficult. It will only give stress and that night might only be forgotten in the next morning when he wakes up. For some students, they can study anywhere if they want; it could be in the library, study rooms or private rooms. A place where one can to focus attention on one’s study is recommended.

Make friends with those that are also eager to learn and pass the exam or achieve good grades. However, one has to balance（平衡） the time to spend with friends. Have and keep a healthy relationship with them.

Take down notes during the class. The hints(暗示) of some questions teachers give will come out in the exam. Sometimes they repeat the topic more than twice, so pay more attention in class. If one does not understand the topic, don’t hesitate(猶豫) to ask questions. A failure in communicating is one of the most common mistakes among students.

Rewrite notes taken from the class. It will help remember the topics that have been discussed and will give one more new ideas. For some students, they find that rewriting notes is very effective.

Take a five-minute break or go out and get some fresh air once in a while when studying. It will relax the mind and help one think better. Do come back to study after taking a short break.

Title

How to be effective in studying for an exam

Theme

Although students’ study habits are 1.       , some basic rules can be helpful for them.

Creating a schedule

*The schedule should not be fixed because something important or that you weren’t 2.      may happen.

*Start with a weekly schedule and include all possible things.

(73)   and place

*Study during the time when you are fully awake and full of 3.     .

*Choose a suitable place where you can 4.   your attention  study.

The right friends

*Make friends with hard-working students.

*Balance the time or your relationship with them will be 5.     .

(77)    in class

*Take down the hints a something that is repeated many times during the class.

*Never hesitate to6.      with teacher.

Rewriting notes

Writing notes again is7.     in remembering well what you have learned.

Taking a break

A short break will make your mind8.       .

 

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第四部分 任務(wù)型閱讀 (共10小題；每小題1分, 滿分10分)

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Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.

Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their "host parents", who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.

The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.

To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.

It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

 

Title: Host Family Accommodation

Definition

Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a (71)   ▲   member of the host family, eating together and sharing the living areas with the hosts.

(72)  ▲  

Language study

Students learn the language faster because they (73)    ▲   

frequently enough.

Cultural communication

It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local (74)  ▲  , people and culture.

Cost of (75)  ▲ 

Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost.

Problems

Loss of the selling point

Hosts (76)   ▲   enough time to communicate with students.

Rise in (77)  ▲ 

Students are demanding more from their host families.

(78)  ▲ 

taken

Improvement of service quality

Hosts are (79)  ▲   living conditions.

They are offering students structured (80) ▲  activities.

Conclusion

Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

 

 

 

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第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

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Dear Ralf,

I have received your letter from school and am glad to know that you are becoming responsible(有責(zé)任的)enough to decide on your career.

You are now in the final year of college and are about to start more independent life in society. You know that a generation divides us, and the conditions of social life were different in my days. However, all I can say as advice is that you must select a career wisely. The first consideration is your interest. You can only succeed and feel happy when you do something you enjoy. Your job must be both gainful and satisfying. Then, you must read up on the latest books on the field you are aiming at. Also, you should get familiar with the men and women in the profession of that field. When mind and heart function together, success is inevitable(必然的).

No career is more or less important than any other career. It takes different people to operate the machine of life. I think your interest may lie in the field of making TV programs. Your great communication skills, your active participation(參與) in school plays and the prizes you have won in speech competitions all point in that direction. So a career in Mass Communication and TV film production proves suitable for you. If you succeed and make it in that field, fame and treasure will both follow.

Think a thousand times before making any final decision regarding your career. Anyhow, I want you to be a man of success.

I know that you are mature(成熟的) enough to think for yourself.

With all the best wishes!

Your loving father

56. We can infer that Ralf wrote a letter to ask for advice on how to ________.

A. prepare for a competition.                  B. communicate with others

C. choose a career                               D. get good marks

57. What can we know about Ralf?

A. He has graduated from college.           B. He gets on badly with his father.

C. He has taken part in school plays.        D. He won prizes in the field of making films.

58. Ralf’s father thinks that ________.

A. fame is more important than treasure

B. every career is of the same importance

C. Ralf is too young to make a decision himself

D. there is no real understanding between parents and children

59. The father suggests that his son should ____________.

A. consider his interest first when choosing a career.

B. make friends with successful people.

C. be never proud when making progress

D. be active in school activities.

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2009年高考試題（江蘇卷）解析版 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

 

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Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．a(chǎn)nd that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．

The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．

Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating  with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．

More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．

 

Paragraph outline

Supporting Details

Communication begins with the self

●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages．

●we are always（1.）  ▲  in communication with others．

Communication （2.） ▲ others

●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles．

●Messages from others help you（3.）  ▲  who you are．

●Needs and（4.）  ▲  of others should be considered．

Communication

（5.）  ▲ everywhere

●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world．

●We are always（6.）  ▲  other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you．

●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’（7.）  ▲  ．

●We are constantly（8.）  ▲  meanings by what we do．

Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated

●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot（9.）  ▲    what remains in the other person’s mind．

●Yon may redo the conversation，but you（10.）  ▲  achieve the same results．

 

 

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