Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.
Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words．Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.
Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.
When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost．At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state．However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again．This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.
The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand．Initially, the written version of the word  from the audio version only．Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.
However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.
Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay．Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”
Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”
Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.
小題1:What does the first paragraph implies?
A．A busy day makes people forget things easily.
B．People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.
C．A good night’s sleep helps memories.
D．A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.
小題2:The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____
A．created through a speech synthesizer
B．hard to understand
C．a(chǎn)vailable at the beginning
D．designed to test people’s ability of understanding
小題3:According to the passage, memory_____
A．is a hard-writing of the brain
B．is not a process of storage
C．is not a process of restorage
D．will be mature with the help of sleep
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.
B．The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.
C．Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.
D．Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.

小題1:C
小題1:D
小題1:D
小題1:C
略
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Some people with autism(孤獨(dú)癥) have __小題1:___ experts with their outstanding memories, mathematical skills or musical talent. Now scientists have found that the genes thought to cause autism may also confer(給予) mathematical, musical and other skills on people without the condition.
The finding has _小題2:___ from a study of autism among 378 Cambridge University students, which found the condition was up to seven times more common among mathematicians than students in other fields.
If __小題3:__, it could explain why autism － a ___小題4:___that makes it hard to communicate with, and relate to, others ─ continues to exist in all types of society. It suggests the genes responsible are usually ___小題5:__, causing the disease only if present in the wrong combinations. “Our understanding of autism is undergoing a ___小題6:__,” said Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the autism research centre at Cambridge, who led the study.
“It seems clear that genes play a significant role in the causes of autism and that those genes are also ___小題7:__ to certain intellectual skills.”
Scientists have long been interested by the apparent ___小題8:__ between autism and intellectual gifts in specific fields. This has made autism a hot topic in popular culture, from films such as Rain Man, which starred Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise, to books such as The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime.
Temple Grandin, 61, was diagnosed（診斷） with autism as a child and is now professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University. She said: “People with autism have played a vital role in human evolution and culture. Scientists such as Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein show every __小題9:___ of having been autistic. The world owes a great deal to those who design and programme computers, many of whom show autistic traits.”

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Healthy eating begins with learning how to “eat smart”. It’s not just what you eat，小題1:.　　　　 how you eat. Pay attention to what you eat and choosing foods that are both nourishing小題2:　　　　 enjoyable  helps support an overall healthy diet.
Take time to chew your food： Chew your food slowly， savoring every bite. We tend to rush through our meals， forgetting to actually taste the flavors and feel the textures(質(zhì)地) of 小題3:　　　 is in our mouths. Reconnect with小題4:　　  joy of eating.
Avoid stress while eating：  Avoid eating while working， driving， arguing， or watching TV. Try taking some deep breaths  before beginning your meal， or light candles and play soothing music to create a relaxing atmosphere.
Listen to your body： Ask 小題5:　　　　 if you are really hungry. You may really be thirsty， so try drinking a glass of water first. During a meal， stop eating before you feel full. It actually takes a few minutes 小題6:　　　　 your brain to tell your body that it has had 小題7:　　　　 food， so eat slowly.
Eat early： Starting your day小題8:　　　　 a healthy breakfast can jumpstart your metabolism(新陳代謝)， and eating early in the day gives your body time to work those calories off.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. ___小題1:___
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sickness. ___小題2:___ So they are called “disease of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noticed that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. __小題3:___ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of day.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy product, and they made very little use of grains.
___小題4:___ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors(祖先). We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
___小題5:___ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
A．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
B．People today probably don’t want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.
C．Ancient people also lived in large groups.
D．But today, we eat a lot of these.
E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.
F. In that case, they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new walking, talking robot from Japan which has black hair and a woman’s face that can smile will attend a fashion show. It has trimmed down（減少）to 43kg, but it still hasn’t reached the safety standards required to share the catwalk with human models.
Developers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, a government-backed organization, said their “cybernetic（全自動(dòng)控制的）human” wasn’t ready to help with daily housework or work side by side with people—as many hope robots will be able to do in the future.
“In technology, it hasn’t reached that level,” said Hirohisa Hirukawa, one of the robot’s developers. “Even as a fashion model, people in the industry told us she was short and had a rather ordinary figure.”
For now, the 158 cm tall black-haired robot named HRP-4C—whose predecessor（前任）had weighed 58 kg — will mainly serve to draw and entertain crowds. Developers said the robot may be used in amusement parks or to perform human movement, as an exercise instructor, for instance.
HRP-4C was designed to look like an ordinary Japnese woman, although its silver-and-black body reminds people of a space suit. It will appear in a Tokyo fashion show — without any clothes — in a special part just for the robot next week.
The robotic framework（框架）for  HRP-4C, without the face and other coverings, will go on sale for about 20 million yen（日元） each. Its programming technology will be made public so other people can come up with fun moves for the robot, the scientists said.
Japan is one of the leading robotics industries in the world, and the government is pushing to develop the industry as a road to growth.
小題1:What do we know about HRP-4C’s predecessor?
A．It is shorter than HRP-4C .    B．It is cleverer than HRP-4C .
C．It is taller than HRP-4C .     D．It is heavier than HRP-4C .
小題2:According to the passage, how many of the following could HRP-4C do?
a． drawing pictures
b.  walking and talking
c.  doing housework
d.  working with people
e. smiling
A．2B．3C．4D．5
小題3:Which of the following about HRP-4C is TURE?
A．It wears a space suit.
B．Its price is 20 million dollars.
C．It can be used as an exercise instructor.
D．As a fashion model, it has a perfect figure.
小題4:HRP-4C’s programming technology will be made public to        .
A．make moneyB．make new frameworks
C．let other people improve itD．help make new face and coverings
小題5:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The purpose of making HRP-4C.    B．Robotics industry in Japan.      
C．A new Japanese robot.               D．Japanese and robots.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.
All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are somethings you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it escalates into a panic attack.
Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened(增加) feelings of anxiety.
There are two main symptoms(癥狀) during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.
In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it’s more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it’s not the “bad guy”, you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred (模糊不清的) vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis.
小題1:According to the passage, a panic attack is _______________.
A．a(chǎn)s serious as an anxiety attackB．not so serious as an anxiety attack
C．resulted from an anxiety attackD．resulted in an anxiety attack
小題2: The underlined word “escalates” in the second paragraph means “_______________”.
A．happens suddenlyB．becomes more serious
C．mixes things togetherD．connects something with
小題3:A victim of anxiety attacks may have the symptoms that ______________.
A．he doesn’t want to have anything to eat
B．he has trouble in hearing and vision
C．he is always worried about others
D．he can’t pay attention to what he does
小題4:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ______________.
A．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack does good to usB．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack does no harm to us
C．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack is a serious illnessD．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack is very dangerous
小題5: What is the best title for this passage?
A．Symptoms of Anxiety AttacksB．Ways of Getting Rid of Anxiety
C．Harm Caused by AnxietyD．Getting to know Anxiety

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The gray-haired lady can’t wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago.
Not all cases of Alzheimer’s disease look like this, but Alzheimer’s is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer’s. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs.
While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain’s nerve fibers （神經(jīng)纖維）, their effect is certain. Alzheimer’s destroys not only the patients, but also spouses（配偶）, friends and families.
What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Though many reasons other than Alzheimer’s disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis（診斷）and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects.
What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn’t remember you are married.
Life for the Alzheimer’s patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them.
小題1:What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired day?
A．She has been living with her father.
B．She was sad about the death of her father.
C．She can’t search for her father without being watched.
D．She suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.
小題2:When people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, ________.
A．their families and friends will suffer from the same disease
B．their families and friends will experience mental sufferings
C．they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years
D．they will forget everybody but their spouses
小題3:Memory loss occurs ________.
A．from Alzheimer’s disease and nothing else
B．from sadness, shock, anger, and so on
C．for a number of reasons
D．with changes in personality
小題4:From the passage we know that        .
A．early treatment may stop Alzheimer’s disease occurring
B．it is still unknown what causes the changes in the brain’s nerve fibers
C．nerve fibers in the brain will cause Alzheimer’s disease
D．when one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease, he will be buried

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat (喉嚨), a new study found.
The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (聲吶). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.
To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.
The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure (構(gòu)造) called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (墊) of fat on the inside.
When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears.
69. 小題1:Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.
A．watching the shape and size of their objectsB．diving deep into the sea
C．sending and receiving soundsD．making lots of noises
70. 小題2:Researchers took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.
A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B．make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head
C．make sure that sound travels through the head
D．know more about the way the whale hears
71. 小題3: Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?
A．A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.
B． The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C． The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.
D．The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.
72. 小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A．The throat is important to the Cuvier’s beaked whale’s hearing.
B．Ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.
C．The ears are actually useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.
D．The researchers haven’t found how the whales hear.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

HOW TO QUIT SMOKING
When thinking about quitting…
List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times. Decide surely that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative（消極的）thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and duties to others. For example, think all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting—perhaps a special day like your birthday, or a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don’t let anything change it. Begin to prepare yourself physically: start a modest（適度的）exercise, drink more water, get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting…
The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is forbidden, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc. Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks, which remind you of cigarette smoking. Start a conversation with someone instead of asking for a match for a cigarette. If you miss the sensation（感覺）of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else—a pencil, a pen, or a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try toothpicks or a fake（假的）cigarette.
小題1:Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?
A．When you want a cigarette, try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone.
B．Try to drink wine, coffee, and other drinks instead of a cigarette.
C．If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your mouth, play with a pen.
D．Every night before going to bed, repeat the reasons 10 times.
小題2:From the passage, we know smokers _______.
A．spend a lot of time breaking the habit of smoking
B．have to stop to smoke from time to time
C．had better quit smoking during their holiday
D．start a modest exercise every day
小題3:The author suggests _______ immediately after quitting.
A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of drinks be avoided
B．drinking water and fruit juice
C．trying low-tar（低焦油）cigarettes
D．spending as much free time as possible in public places
小題4:If the article is in a newspaper, which section is it in?
A．Sports.B．News.C．Health.D．Culture.

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