Question

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it．
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed because no examination is perfect, but to have no tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers．This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher．Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality．At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates(畢業(yè)證） to prove he is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability（不合適）of a dull child attending a well-respected school．This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child form the favoured school．
The opponents（反對者）of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class．They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．
小題1:The underlined word "favouritism" in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that ___．

A．bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs．

B．children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs

C．poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D．children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

小題2:What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A．Schools for bright children would lose their reputation．

B．There would be more opportunities and excellence．

C．Children from poor families would be able to change their schools．

D．Children's job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation．

小題3:The opponents of the examination system will agree that____．

A．jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B．computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C．special classes are necessary to keep the school standards

D．schools with academic subjects should be done away with

小題4:The passage mainly focuses on ____．

A．schools and certificates	B．examinations and equality
C．opportunity and employment	D．standards and reputation

Answer 1

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：本文討論的主要就是考試和公平的關(guān)系，正是為了公平我們才進(jìn)行各種的考試，給所有的人機(jī)會。如果沒有了考試，很多事情都無法去衡量。
小題1:B 推理題。本句And from families known to them, a form of favouritism will replace equality．根據(jù)上一句．Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected school? And from families known to them,說明沒有了考試很多的老板就會從名校里找學(xué)生，那么這些名校的學(xué)生機(jī)會有更好的工作，故B正確。
小題2:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二行the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his school's reputation說明沒有了考試，聰明的學(xué)生的機(jī)會就會因為學(xué)校的名譽(yù)而失去了，故D項正確。
小題3:A 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)2,3行all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．說明他認(rèn)為工作不應(yīng)該是按照系統(tǒng)的選擇來進(jìn)行的，而是用不成系統(tǒng)的胡亂第選擇來決定的，故A項符合。
小題4:B 主旨大意題，本文討論的主要就是考試和公平的關(guān)系，正是為了公平我們才進(jìn)行各種的考試，給所有的人機(jī)會。如果沒有了考試，很多事情都無法去衡量。故B項內(nèi)容正確。
點評：本文討論的主要就是考試和公平的關(guān)系，考查推理題較多，不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。