Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without managers first. This empowerment (授權(quán)) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

1.A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

2.A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme

3.A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise

4.A. outside B. inside C. below D. above

5.A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

6.A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply

7.A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

8.A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male

9.A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

10.A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

11.A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

12.A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

13.A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

14.A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

15.A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

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Choosing a major is an important decision and one that could pave the way for a successful, lifelong career. Some students know what they want to major in right away, while others take their sweet time to choose. 1. Here are a few tips on how to choose a major:

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完形填空

Learn and Earn

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（上海卷參考版） 題型：其他題

Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

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任務(wù)型閱讀

請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

An Extension of the Human Brain

Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic (義肢的）system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.

Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.

Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “ new idea,” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.

These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).

But that’s the upside (好處).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.

An Extension of the Human Brain

A prosthetic nature

蔭 ●The 1. can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.

• ●It 2. in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.

Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment

• ●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without 3. them in mind.

• ●The Internet makes us smarter over 4. kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 5. of the matter.

• ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 6. our claims, and to 7. our actions.

The 8. sides

of smartphones

• ●Smartphones make it easier and more 9. to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.

• ●Smartphones 10. the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（江蘇卷參考版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（浙江卷參考版） 題型：閱讀理解

D

Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.

My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.

It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.

“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”

I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”

I was desperate.

“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.”

“By the time I make enough it’ll bu gone!”

“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.

“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”

“There might be another way,” she said.

And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….

Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.

And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”

1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A. The children enjoyed doing housework.

B.The author came from s well-off family

C. The mother raised her children in an unusual way

D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.

2.When the author saw the basket in the window,she .

A. fell in love with it

B. stared at her mother

C. recognized it at once

D.went up to the bike guy

3.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?

A. She longed to do extra work.

B. She was eager to have the basket.

C.She felt tired after standing too long.

D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.

4.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was

A..something she could afford

B.something important to her

C.something impossible to get

D.something she could do without

5.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that

A. something spoiled her paying plan

B. the basket cost more than she had saved

C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike

D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind

6.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?

A. Save money for a rainy day

B. Good advice is beyond all price.

C. Earn your bread with your sweat

D. God helps those who help themselves

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（天津卷參考版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

---I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.

---Sounds great!_____.

A. It all depends B. Go for it

C. Never mind D. No wonder

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