Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats(威脅) brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damaged to corals exposed to heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive(破壞性的) in the long run.
Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.
During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.
The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities(復(fù)雜性) of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors(因素).
“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Corals are unable to adjust to temperature changes.
B．Cold temperature causes greater damage to corals.
C．Hot temperature helps coral reefs to grow quickly.
D．Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.
小題2:We can learn from the passage that         .
A．scientists used to pay no attention to the effect of cold events on corals
B．2010 witnessed one of the greatest temperature differences on record
C．corals prefer warmer conditions to cold temperatures in the long run
D．global warming has nothing to do with the decrease of temperature
小題3:According to the research,            .
A．corals may continue to grow in cold events after a few days
B．cold events help corals grow more quickly in a short time
C．corals show no response to hot temperatures in the first days
D．corals are whitened mainly because of warm temperatures
小題4:Scientists reached the conclusion through              .
A．news reportB．scientific studyC．great imaginationD．natural conditions

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：文章介紹全球的海洋珊瑚礁正在受到氣溫變化的破壞，極熱和極冷以自己的方式破壞著珊瑚礁，但研究證明，珊瑚礁適應(yīng)冷的溫度的能力比熱的更強(qiáng)。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第一段的句子：While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals.可知熱和冷以自己的方式破壞著珊瑚礁，選D
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第二段的句子：In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.
可知2010年見證記錄上最大的氣溫變化，選B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow.可知幾天后，珊瑚礁可能在寒冷的情況下繼續(xù)生長，選A
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals.可知科學(xué)家是通過科學(xué)研究得出結(jié)論的，選B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You know how wonderful you are，and you know that others know how wonderful you are，but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy？For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do，but the good news is that there is.Don't let jealousy spoil your relationships.Tackle it head on and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.

It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is，but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that.Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited)，just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you.If they refuse to respond，then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling.Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.
When you figure out what is annoying your friend，ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better.If，for example，(s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you.Remember，though，that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise.Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy.Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.
Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy.This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies.Before taking extreme action，chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise.If you can't，be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won't.
小題1:According to the author，the jealousy emotion is ________.
A．normalB．productive
C．destructiveD．extreme
小題2:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?
A．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.
B．Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.
C．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.
D．Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there's something coming between you.
小題3:The purpose of the passage is ________.
A．to explain what causes jealousy
B．to offer some advice on making friends
C．to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend
D．to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is
小題4:What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A．There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.
B．Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.
C．You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts，chances or self?development.
D．You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs—what do they have in common? They are, of course, all Americans. And according to a survey by social networking site badoo. com, they all best illustrate(舉例說明) the word “cool”.

But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”? Most would answer that it is something to do with being independent-minded and not following the crowd.
Yale University art professor Robert Farris Thompson says that the term “cool” goes back to 15th century West African philosophy(哲學(xué)).  “Cool” relates to ideas of grace(優(yōu)雅) under pressure.
“In Africa, ” he writes, “coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”
The modern idea of “cool” developed largely in the US in the period after World War II. “Post-war ‘cool’ was in part an expression of war-weariness (n. 厭戰(zhàn)情緒)
. . . it went against the strict social rules of the time,” write sociologists Dick Pountain and David Robins in Cool Rules:Anatomy of an Attitude.
But it was the American actor James Dean who became the symbol for “cool” in the hugely successful 1955 movie Rebel without a Cause.  Dean plays a tough guy who disobeys his parents and the authorities. He always gets the girl, smokes cigarettes, wears a leather jacket and beats up bullies(欺凌弱小者). In the movie, Dean showed what “cool” would mean to American young people for the next 60 years.
Today the focus of “cool” has changed to athletics (體育運(yùn)動(dòng)) stars. Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.
But many teenagers also think being smart is cool. Chess and other thinking games have been becoming more popular in schools.
“Call it the Harry Potterization of America—a time when being smart is the new cool,” writes journalist Joe Sunnen.
小題1:Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
A．introduce the topicB．draw our attention
C．tell us what they have in commonD．tell us what is “cool”
小題2:If you were considered “cool” in Africa in the 15th century, you ________.
A．thought and acted differently from the majority
B．had a calm and quiet attitude towards life
C．didn’t observe rules and authorities
D．had all kinds of “bad” manners
小題3:The heroes in Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die are likely to be those who ________.
A．do very well in their studies
B．a(chǎn)re very skilled at sports
C．a(chǎn)re good at chess and other thinking games.
D．have supernatural powers like Harry Potter
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A．It is generally considered “cool” to be independent-minded and not to follow the crowd.
B．“Cool” was used as early as the 15th century.
C．Disobeying one’s parents and the authorities is considered “cool” among American young people nowadays.
D．Getting the first place in an exam can also be considered “cool”.
小題5:What does the article mainly talk about?
A．The origin of the word “cool”.
B．The kinds of people who are “cool”.
C．The changing meaning of the word “cool”.
D．How to be a “ cool” person.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten their driver's licenses may be taking the wheel to school this fall. However, parents fear when their teen starts driving. And it turns out that such parental fears are justified, so it's worth reviewing how to keep your teen safe while he or she is behind the wheel.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among US teens. Drivers 16 to 19 years old are at the greatest risk of crashes. In fact, their risk is 4 times greater than that of older drivers. The teens at the greatest risk are those who are male, those carrying other teenage passengers in the car, and those still in their first year of driving. Nearly 50 percent of teen deaths related to automobile crashes happen on Fridays, Saturdays, or Sundays between the hours of 3 pm and midnight.
Why are teens at higher risk of motor vehicle crashes?
Development. Teens haven't completely matured mentally and have greater risk­taking behaviors, possibly because they tend to underestimate the risk associated with a particular behavior. Teens also have a greater tendency to speed and to drive too close to the cars in front of them.
No seatbelts. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use among all driving groups.
Alcohol. A least 25 percent of motor vehicle deaths in teens are related to drinking alcohol.
Technological distractions(分散注意力的事)．Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly—and who more than teenagers?
Be aware of your teen's driving practices and discuss safe driving habits when opportunities present themselves. Check out the applications and devices now available for restricting your teen's use of technology while driving. Some applications alert you to the danger when your teen is texting while the vehicle is moving. Another device blocks incoming and outgoing texts when the car is running—incoming messages get an automatic reply (eg. “I'm driving right now”), and phone calls go directly to voicemail. You can also get notifications if your teen tries to shut off the program. There are also GPS programs that let you know your new driver's whereabouts at all times. All in all, you can't be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.
小題1:What factor is least related to the teen drivers' high risks of crashes?
A．Drivers' age.B．Passengers' sex.
C．Driving experience.D．Driving time.
小題2:Teens probably turn away their attention from driving when they are ________.
A．using no seatbeltsB．drinking water
C．carrying passengersD．a(chǎn)nswering cellphones
小題3:According to the passage, which should be prevented during teens' driving?
A．Texting.B．GPS programs.
C．Automated replies.D．Voicemail.
小題4:The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.
A．offer parents practical suggestions
B．summarize teens' driving practices
C．a(chǎn)dvocate different driving habits
D．set an example for the teens

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo(接受) testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue（疲勞）.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
小題1:How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A．By sounding a warning.
B．By touching the wristband.
C．By checking the driving time.
D．By pressing the steering wheel.
小題2:We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ________
A．a(chǎn)bout 400 milliseconds B．below 500 milliseconds
C．over 500 milliseconds D．a(chǎn)bout 4 minutes
小題3:When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A．moves more regularly
B．stops working properly
C．opens the window for the driver
D．sounds more frequently and loudly
小題4:According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A．a(chǎn)ims to reduce tiredness-related accidents
B．has gone through testing at laboratories
C．a(chǎn)ims to prevent drivers from sleeping
D．has been on sale for 12 months

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The purpose of a letter of application(求職信)is to help you to“sell”yourself. It should state　　the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have　　. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without　　out any necessary facts.
In writing a letter of application, keep in　　that the things a possible employer is most　　to want to know about are your qualifications(條件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 　　the first few sentences fail to　　the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be　　at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not　　your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your　　in today’s newspaper”, you might say“I have made a careful　　of your advertising during the past six months”or“I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives　　your product and why they like it. ”
Try to　　generalities(概述). Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now　　. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“What can I　　in a letter? Employers want experience—which, naturally, no　　has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is　　.
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 　　a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent　　is to enclose(內(nèi)附)a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it　　for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
小題1:
A．easilyB．carefully
C．obviouslyD．clearly
小題2:
A．doneB．found
C．knownD．heard
小題3:
A．sendingB．leaving
C．takingD．picking
小題4:
A．brainB．sight
C．mind D．order
小題5:
A．probableB．possible
C．a(chǎn)ble D．likely
小題6:
A．WhileB．Although
C．IfD．As
小題7:
A．win B．pay
C．show D．fix
小題8:
A．keptB．read
C．writtenD．continued
小題9:
A．fromB．for
C．into D．to
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)rticleB．report
C．a(chǎn)dvertisementD．introduction
小題11:
A．watch B．study
C．searchD．discussion
小題12:
A．useB．make
C．sell D．change
小題13:
A．gainB．remember C．protectD．a(chǎn)void
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)pplyingB．losing
C．preparingD．fitting
小題15:
A．offerB．supply
C．provideD．mean
小題16:
A．workerB．manager
C．ownerD．beginner
小題17:
A．successB．experience
C．practice D．development
小題18:
A．StateB．Ask
C．Make D．Get
小題19:
A．result B．idea
C．promiseD．decision
小題20:
A．easierB．happier
C．cheaperD．safer

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Our love of music and appreciation of musical harmony is learnt and not based on natural ability, a new study by University of Melbourne researchers has found. The researchers said previous theories about how we appreciate music were based on the physical functions of sound, the ear itself and a born ability to hear harmony.
The study shows that musical harmony can be learnt, and it is a matter of training the brain to hear the sounds. So if you thought that the music of some foreign culture (or Jazz) sounded like the crying of cats, it’s simply because you haven’t learnt to listen by their rules.
The researchers used 66 volunteers with a range of musical training and tested their ability to hear combinations of notes(音符) to determine if they found the combinations familiar or pleasing. They found that people needed to be familiar with combinations of notes. If they found the notes unfamiliar they also found the sound unpleasant. This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.
The study found that trained musicians were much more sensitive to unpleasant notes than non-musicians. When they couldn’t find the note, the musicians reported that the sounds were unpleasant, while non-musicians were much less sensitive. This shows the importance of training or nurturing(培養(yǎng)) the brain to like particular sound of combinations of notes, like those found in jazz or rock.
Depending on their training, a strange chord(和弦) sound was pleasant to some musicians, but very unpleasant to others. This showed us that even the ability to hear a musical note is learnt.
To confirm this finding, they trained 19 non-musicians to find the notes of a random selection of western chords. Not only did the participants’ ability to hear notes improve rapidly, afterward they reported that the chords they had learnt sounded more pleasant -- regardless of how the chords were played.
The question of why some combinations of musical notes are heard as pleasant or unpleasant has long been debated. “We have shown in this study that for music, beauty is in the brain of the beholder(觀看者)”, a researcher said.
小題1:According to the study, people find foreign music quite unpleasant because_____.
A．they hear the music much too often
B．they don’t like the person playing it
C．they have no idea about how to listen
D．they have no born musical ability at all
小題2:Although non-musicians were less sensitive to music, they can still_____.
A．be trained to like particular music
B．make friends with real musicians
C．find the beauty of chords without training
D．enjoy the beauty of music when played by musicians
小題3:The 19 non-musicians were trained in order to show_____.
A．the brain likes particular combinations of notes
B．not a strange note was pleasant to all musicians
C．how the chords were played was very important
D．people’s ability to hear a musical note can be learnt
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Love of musical harmony can’t be taught.
B．Love of music is not natural but nurtured.
C．Listening to music can improve your brain.
D．You can be a musician without being trained.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The weather predictions for Asia in 2050 read like a story from a doomsday movie.
Many experts and green groups fear they will come true unless there is a united global effort to hold back greenhouse gas outpouring. In the decades to come, Asia---home to more than half the world’s 63 billion people-will change from one climate extreme to another, with tired farmers battling droughts, floods, disease, food shortages and rising sea levels.
“It’s not a pretty picture,” said Steve Sawyer, climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam. Global warming and changes of weather patterns are already occurring and there is more than enough carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to come.
Already, changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come, Sawyer and top climate bodies say, and could lead to mass migration and widespread human disasters. According to predictions, icebergs will melt faster, some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate(疏散) or build sea defenses, storms will become more intense and insect and water-borne diseases will move into new areas as the world warms.
All this comes with rising populations and demand for food, water and other resources. Experts say environmental worsening such as deforestation and pollution will probably enlarge the results of climate change.
In what could be a sign of the future, Japan was hit by a record of 10 typhoons and tropical storms this year, while two-thirds of Bangladesh, parts of Nepal and large areas of northeastern India were flooded, affecting 50 million people, destroying livelihoods and making tens of thousands ill.
The year before, a winter cold struck and a summer heat wave killed more than 2,000 people in India.
小題1:This passage is mainly about       .
A．what kind of weather we like best
B．the weather predictions for Asia in the future and the reasons
C．how to improve our environment
D．that the world will not be suitable for us to live in
小題2:In the future the Asian farmers will have to face the following except       .
A．food shortagesB．droughtsC．warsD．floods
小題3:The underlined word “doomsday” may give us the feeling of        .
A．happinessB．sadnessC．peaceD．excitement

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.
Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大質(zhì)量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.
小題1:The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.
A．the star is going to die
B．special tools are used on it
C．other stars come close to it
D．it is seen from the space telescopes
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.
B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.
C．Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes.
D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.
小題3:The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.
A．a(chǎn) black holeB．the Milky Way
C．a(chǎn) series of starsD．a(chǎn) planet near the earth
小題4:What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.
B．There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.
D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.
小題5:The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.
A．what a black hole is
B．how black holes form
C．how big black holes are
D．how scientists know about black holes

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