【題目】Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia — short-sightedness, a study suggests. Researchers say the “extraordinary rise” in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.

Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的) beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation (拉伸) of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors — a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.

Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.

Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asian children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.

A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from “high” myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障礙) and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk-sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses-they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help.

For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. “Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn’t fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don’t change in two generations. Whether it’s a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn't matter, the thing that’s changed is not the gene pool—it's the environment.”

【1】As is mentioned above, which factor mainly results in students' myopia in South East Asia?

A. Lack of research into the problem. B. Genetic faults of the people.

C. Elongation of the eyeball. D. The shortage of outdoor light.

【2】Which of the following statements do you think Professor Morgan agrees with?

A. A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.

B. Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.

C. It's necessary to treat myopia with an operation.

D. It's of vital importance to reduce educational pressure.

【3】What's the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools.

B. Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem.

C. An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts.

D. The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia.

【4】What's the best way to take care of your eyes according to the passage?

A. Look at the sun from time to time. B. Do eyes exercise regularly.

C. Spend more time in the open air. D. Equip the classroom with better lights.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】一項(xiàng)研究表明，在亞洲主要城市中，高達(dá)90%的畢業(yè)生都患有近視，研究人員表示，這一問(wèn)題的“超常上升”是由于學(xué)生在學(xué)校努力工作，缺乏戶外照明造成的。所以多到戶外去運(yùn)動(dòng)，有利于保護(hù)我們的眼睛。

【1】D

細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Researchers say the "extraordinary rise" in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.可知，D項(xiàng)才是主要原因。

【2】D

細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes可知，Professor Morgan認(rèn)為東南亞很多孩子花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)和做作業(yè)，這本身就給眼睛帶來(lái)壓力。所以D項(xiàng)（減少教育壓力至關(guān)重要。）他會(huì)同意。

【3】D

段落大意題。根據(jù)本段的主題句最后一句Whether it’s a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn’t matter, the thing that’s changed is not the gene pool---it’s the environment.”可知，環(huán)境才是最主要的原因。故D正確。

【4】C

細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors—a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.和第三段最后一句but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.可知，多花時(shí)間在戶外對(duì)這種病癥是有很大的作用的。故C正確。

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