13．On October 24，1929-"Black Thursday"-a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange．The Great Depression began．By 1932，thousands of banks and businesses had failed．Industrial production was cut in half，farm income had fallen by more than half，wages had decreased 60percent，new investment was down 90percent and one out of every four workers was unemployed．
The Republican president，Herbert Hoover was unable to take measures to deal with the economic collapse．So in the 1932election，he was defeated by Democrat Franklin D．Roosevelt，who promised"a New Deal for the American people"．
Within the"Hundred Days"，Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy．The Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work in reforestation and flood．
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration aided state and local relief funds．The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to reduce production，thus raising crop prices．The Tennessee Valley Authority built a network of dams in the Tennessee River area to generate electricity，control floods and manufacture fertilizer．The National Recovery Administration regulated fair competition among businesses and ensured bargaining rights and minimum wages for workers．
The Social Security Act of 1935established contributory old age and survivors'pensions，as well as a joint federal state program of unemployment insurance．
The Work Progress Administration was one of the most effective of the New Deal measures．Financed by taxes collected by the federal government，the WPA created millions of jobs by undertaking the construction of roads，bridges，airports and other public buildings．It kept workers in the job，thus preserving their skills and their self-respect．
The New Deal programs did not end the Depression．But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention．
66．According to the passage，"Black Thursday"is the dayC．
A．of selling stocks   
B．of reducing industrial production
C．the Great Depression began   
D．the New Deal was implemented
67．The New Deal is a number of lawsD．
A．to make young people plant trees and build dams
B．to aid state and local relief funds
C．to deal with workers
D．to deal with economic problems
68．The WPA was an effective measure becauseB．
A．it provided workers jobs of building roads and airports
B．it preserved workers'skill and self-respect
C．it provided financial aids to workers
D．it ensured workers'minimum wages
69．Roosevelt made his New Deal programs effective throughD．
A．his presidential power 
B．government taxation
C．congress reputation   
D．government intervention．

分析 本文介紹了在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條開始時，羅斯福制定新政策．新政增加政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)直接或間接干預(yù)，緩解了大蕭條帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)與社會矛盾．

解答 66．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章""Black Thursday"-a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange．The Great Depression began"可知，黑色星期四是大蕭條的開始．故選C．
67．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章"Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy"可知，羅斯福通過國會制定了一些法律，以幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇．故選D．
68．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章"It kept workers in the job，thus preserving their skills and their self-respect．"可知，WPA 保護(hù)了他們的技能和他們的自尊．
69．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章"The New Deal programs did not end the Depression．But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention．"可知，Roosevelt的新政策由于政府的介入得以實(shí)行，使經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況得到了改善．

點(diǎn)評 本文是考察學(xué)生歷史文化類閱讀理解文章．這類文章常涉及歷史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文學(xué)藝術(shù)、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、宗教與文化、風(fēng)俗與習(xí)慣、道德與法制、中外文學(xué)名著節(jié)選、等等．這類材料的命題點(diǎn)往往落在主旨大意題、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題．

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