Canadian scientists have found a method to help aging people get less forgetful by improving their cognitive（認知） abilities through well-designed training. Everyone experiences some degree of memory loss and cognitive decline as they get older. The decline usually becomes noticeable after 50, when people may find it slightly more difficult to focus on tasks, organize everyday jobs and remember how to do things in the right order.

A team of psychologists（心理學家）in Toronto created a strategy(策略) of cognitive training to help people preserve these abilities. "Our primary emphasis was on improving the use of general strategic abilities because they are particularly weak to the aging process," Dr. Donald Stuss, director of the study, said in a press release. The team examined 49 healthy older adults with normal cognitive decline. All of the participants were between the ages of 71 and 87. Over the course of 12 weeks, psychologists taught them methods to improve their strategic abilities. Afterwards, researchers saw a 15 to 40 percent improvement in the memories of all participants. “Over a period of six months their improvement not only maintained, but increased," said Dr. Gordon Winocur, coordinator of the study.

The 12-week course was broken up into three four-week sections, focusing on a different skill involved in strategic abilities: memory, goal management and psychosocial function.

The memory training emphasized how to preserve and recover information, while goal management focused on methods to lower the chance of memory slips. Psychosocial training was aimed at increasing the participants' confidence in their mental abilities.

“We wanted to develop a cognitive training program that would produce improvement over a relatively short period of time, so participants could benefit more on that while they're still functional and slow down the rate of decline," said Winocur. "If we can work with people in the early stages of cognitive decline, then we can slow down the rate of this decline and help them maintain a higher level of function for a longer period of time."

1. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. Canadian scientists help aging people preserve memory.

B. A new way to develop a good memory.

C. Cognitive abilities are essential to memory.

D. Say no to the memory decline.　　　

2. According to the psychologists, what causes the bad memory when a man becomes old?

A. Forgetfulness.　　　　　　 B. Psychosocial function.

C. General strategic abilities.　 D. Goal management.

3. The underlined word “maintained” means “_______”.

A. weakened　　　 B. kept　　　 C. changed　　 D. improved　　

4. How many strategic abilities do the psychologists mainly focus on?

A. Two.　　　　　 B. Three.　　　 C. Four.　　　 D. Five.　

5. From what Winocur said in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A. the cognitive training program has been proved successful

B. the training can prevent one’s memory from declining

C. the earlier they begin the training, the better the result will be

D. Winocur aims to help aging people suffer less from memory loss and cognitive decline

 

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If you’re invited for dinner, it will be a full sit- down meal. Meat is usually barbecued in the freezing cold of winter. Do take something with you, like a bottle of wine. Arrive on time and don’t stay over 10 pm.

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A.

“I’m good” can mean you do not need more food in Canada.

B.

In Canada, you will meet strangers in the street saying “Hi” to you.

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In a Canadian restaurant, the plates will stay at the table until you leave.

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Canadians usually say “I’m good” to answer the greeting of “How’s it going?”

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A.

you will have a full sit-down meal

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you don’t have to bring any gift for the host

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you are expected to arrive at 7:30 or 8 pm

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you don’t have to take off your shoes when you enter the room

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A.

they hope to make friends with you

B.

they want to ask you for help

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they are very friendly to customers

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they are your good friends

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A.

Canadians like dark colored carpets.

B.

In Canada, meat will not be barbecued even in the cold winter.

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You will always be asked to eat more food than you want in Canada.

D.

It is usually rude to stay over 10 pm in your Canadian friend’s home.

5.What would be the best title for this passage?

A.

Some customs in Canada

B.

Dinner party rules in Canada

C.

Studying in Canada

D.

Doing business in Canada

 

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