SECTION B

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

People working in places where large quantities of chemicals are involved, are more likely to suffer from chemical burns. Other incidents may occur at home through accidental misuse of products such as those used for hair, nails, skin, etc. A chemical skin burn is usually caused by acids like battery acid, toilet bowel cleaner, etc. Alkalis(堿) like paint removers are also responsible for chemical burns, and oxidants(氧化劑) also cause chemical burns when they come into contact with skin.

A chemical burn isn’t like an ordinary burn. No matter how harmless the burn is, it should be brought to a doctor’s attention. A chemical burn treatment has to be quick and isn’t something to be ignored as the burn may make the injury worse and cause undue damage to the skin.

The first step to treat chemical burns is to remove the victim from the accident area and also get rid of any clothes that may come into contact with the chemical causing the burn. Take care not to come into contact with the chemical.

Using large volumes of cool running water, wash the skin to get rid of the substance from the injured area. It is best to keep the injured area under cool, running water for about 20 minutes or more.

Do not use ice-cold water as it may further damage the skin. Alternatively, it is best to apply the cold compress(敷布) wrapped in a soft cloth soaked in cold water. Using this method every one hour for the whole day proves beneficial for the chemical burn treatment.

If you notice any sign of blisters(水泡) that has covered more than 3 inches in diameter of the skin, then it is time to call for immediate medical help. Any occurrence of unusual signs also requires medical help.

In extreme cases, the blood pressure and the heart rate of the victim may be affected to a critical extent. So intravenous fluid is administered to normalize the disturbed functions of the body. Intravenous process may also be required to administer certain medicines so as to prevent any infection or to reduce pain.

During the recuperation(康復) from the chemical burn, drinking plenty of water and fluids will help keep the body well hydrated. This helps a speedy recovery.

81. What can lead to a chemical burn frequently?(no more than 5 words)

______________________________________________________________________________

82. Why should a chemical burn be treated quickly? (no more than 11 words)

______________________________________________________________________________

83. What are the symptoms of a serious chemical burn according to the passage? (no more than 11 words)

______________________________________________________________________________

84. What is the passage mainly about?(no more than 8 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

 

【答案】

81. Acids, alkalis and oxidants.

82. Because it may worsen the injury and damage the skin.

83. Blisters covering over 3 inches in diameter of the skin.

84. Causes and treatments of a chemical burn.

【解析】略

 

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