【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

A castle is a type of fortified（加固的）structure 【1】 (build) in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. This is different from a palace 【2】 is not fortified, though there are a large number of 【3】 (similarity) among these types of construction. Since then usage of the term 【4】 (apply) to diverse structures.

The European castles 【5】 (origin) in the 9th and 10th centuries, resulting in its land divided among nobles, who built castles to control the area 【6】 (surround) them. The castles were also 【7】 (defense) structures. Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies, the structures also served 【8】 centers of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were 【9】 (usual) used to control the local people and important travel routes, 【10】 rural castles were often built near farmland.

【答案】

【1】built

【2】which/that

【3】similarities

【4】has been applied

【5】originated

【6】surrounding

【7】defensive

【8】as

【9】usually

【10】and/while

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述歐洲城堡的歷史及其功能的變化。

【1】built structure與built是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞，填built。

【2】which/that 此處a palace作先行詞，指物，后面的定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，故填which/that。

【3】similarities a large number of后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填similarities。

【4】has been applied 根據(jù)Since then可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，再根據(jù)句意可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填has been applied。

【5】originated 根據(jù)后面的in the 9th and 10th centuries可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故填originated。

【6】surrounding 表示“環(huán)繞它們的地區(qū)”。area與surround是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填surrounding。

【7】defensive 形容詞修飾名詞，故填defensive。

【8】as 固定詞組：serve as，意為“充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任”，故填as。

【9】usually 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故填usually。

【10】and/while 此處指的是城市城堡和農(nóng)村城堡，即可表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系也可表示比較關(guān)系，故填and/while。

【名師點(diǎn)撥】

含 as 的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

1. consider...as = look upon / on...as = treat...as = regard...as = think...as 把……認(rèn)為是……

2.act as 擔(dān)任；起……的作用

3.serve as 當(dāng)，充當(dāng)

4.work as 當(dāng)，充當(dāng)

5. use...as把……用作……

【例句】 He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在時(shí)他擔(dān)任主席。

He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐館里當(dāng)服務(wù)員。

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