It may seem to be a hard task to trace back the history of rap music, though you often see the informal music associated with highly informal dance style. As far as the origin of rap music is concerned, most people agree that it is from Afro-American and Latino Street culture of New York City. Not only in this city but in the surrounding areas there is the influence of African people and their culture.

Rap is a vocal (口頭的) style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat. The term of rap music is the same with hip-hop music typically-consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap. If we see it carefully, then we will definitely notice that the music usually is sung at higher pitches (調(diào)). Most of the time rap music is associated with chorus. Though rap music was primarily an American music style with African influence over its music and lyrics, recently it has been spread to almost the entire world.

There is hardly any country or nation where rap music cannot be seen in some form or another, and it is one of the most popular music styles among the youngsters. However, when it comes to its history, it is believed that hip-hop or rap music started in the early 1970s，and gained much popularity throughout the world during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

The history of rap music and hip-hop music is full of controversies (爭議) and bans, as the lyrics sometimes relate to drugs and crime; even most famous pop stars and hip-hop musicians and singers were found to be associated with the controversies in their life. For that reason, no matter how popular this music style was or still is, it has always had a bad reputation in the eyes of mainstream society.

1.The passage is mainly about _____.

A．when rap music started                   B．how rap music develops

C．what rap music is like                     D．why rap music is popular

2.The characteristics of rap music are _____.

A．solo, rhymes，beats and pops

B．speaking, rhythms，beats and solo

C．repeating, speaking, pops and chorus

D．speaking, rhymes, beats and chorus

3.Rap music is now one of the music styles mostly run after by _____.

A．the teenagers in Africa

B．a(chǎn)ll kinds of people in the world

C．the youngsters all over the world

D．the young people in the US

4.Rap music is often not well thought of by the mainstream because _____.

A．it comes from the lower class

B．it has a short history

C．it is associated with crimes and drugs

D．its music is full of controversies

 

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：文章探究了說唱音樂歷史是如何發(fā)展的，同時(shí)對(duì)說唱音樂的普及進(jìn)行了描寫。對(duì)于說唱音樂不入主流的原因也進(jìn)行了闡述。

1.主旨題�？v觀全文，本文主要講解了說唱音樂的歷史，從文章第一句話就可知。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第二自然段Rap is a vocal (口頭的) style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat.以及Most of the time rap music is associated with chorus.可知，說唱音樂的特點(diǎn)是說、押韻、敲擊及合唱形式。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三自然段There is hardly any country or nation where rap music cannot be seen in some form or another, and it is one of the most popular music styles among the youngsters.及第二自然段的最后一句話可知，說唱音樂在全世界的年輕人中都很流行。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從最后一段The history of rap music and hip-hop music is full of controversies (爭議) and bans, as the lyrics sometimes relate to drugs and crime;可知，之所以不能被主流社會(huì)所接納的原因是它的歌詞涉及到一些犯罪事件和毒品問題。

考點(diǎn)：說明文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文屬于說明文中較容易的文體。說明文是歷年高考很常見的文體，對(duì)于科技類的說明文比較難，而對(duì)于說物的文體較容易。本文中，把握好一個(gè)中心即說唱音樂的發(fā)展史。同時(shí)，此類文章細(xì)節(jié)題居多，在對(duì)文章看懂了的基礎(chǔ)在仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和文章，即可得出答案。

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：江西省師大附中、臨川一中2011屆高三12月聯(lián)考英語試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines(腰圍)over time, a study published suggests．Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus(相比于)those who averaged six or seven hours．Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain-but it was less obvious than that seen in“short sleepers．”

　　The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain．But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration-particularly a lack of sleep-to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病)and heart disease．Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep．On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral(內(nèi)臟的)fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night．A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal(腹部)fat．

　　The findings, according to lead researcher Dr.Kristen G.Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general．“Sleep is an important part of your overall health-not just in whether you're tired during the day,”she said．

　　There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours．Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones(荷爾蒙)-which could, in theory, cause them to overeat．Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted．

(1)

Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?

[　　]

A．

Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night．

B．

Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night．

C．

Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day．

D．

John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week．

(2)

What does the study, reported in the Journal Sleep find?

[　　]

A．

Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain．

B．

People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep．

C．

It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health．

D．

Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health．

(3)

What does the lead researcher Dr.Kristen G.Hairston agree with?

[　　]

A．

People should do some exercise in their daily life．

B．

There is a close link between sleep habits and health．

C．

More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep．

D．

More and more people tend to sleep less than before．

(4)

What can we infer from the passage?

[　　]

A．

Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat．

B．

We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit．

C．

We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health．

D．

We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away．

(5)

What's the best title of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults．

B．

Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit．

C．

Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now．

D．

Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People．

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Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰圍）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."

The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（內(nèi)臟的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.

   The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.

There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.

Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?

A. Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night.

B. Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night.

C. Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day.

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A. Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain.

B. People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep.

C. It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health.

D. Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health.

What does the lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston agree with?

A. People should do some exercise in their daily life.

B. There is a close link between sleep habits and health.

C. More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep.

D. More and more people tend to sleep less than before.

What can we infer from the passage?

A. Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat.

B. We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit.

C. We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health.

D. We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away.

What’s the best title of the passage?

A. Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults.

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Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰圍）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."
The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（內(nèi)臟的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.
The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.
There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.
【小題1】Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?

A．Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night.
B．Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night.
C．Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day.
D．John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week.
【小題2】What does the study, reported in the Journal Sleep find?
A．Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain.
B．People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep.
C．It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health.
D．Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health.
【小題3】What does the lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston agree with?
A．People should do some exercise in their daily life.
B．There is a close link between sleep habits and health.
C．More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep.
D．More and more people tend to sleep less than before.
【小題4】What can we infer from the passage?
A．Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat.
B．We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit.
C．We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health.
D．We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away.
【小題5】What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults.
B．Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit.
C．Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now.
D．Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People.

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Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater expansion in their waistlines（腰圍）over time, a study published suggests. Researchers found that among black and Hispanic adults younger than 40, those who typically slept for five hours or less each night had a greater accumulation of belly fat over the next five years, versus（相比于） those who averaged six or seven hours. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was less obvious than that seen in "short sleepers."

The study, reported in the Journal Sleep, does not prove that too little or too much sleep directly leads to excess fat gain. But the findings support and extend those of other studies linking sleep duration - particularly a lack of sleep - to weight gain and even to higher risks of diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease. Among participants younger than 40, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more belly fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. On average, short sleepers showed a 32 percent gain in visceral（內(nèi)臟的）fat, versus a 13 percent gain among those who slept six or seven hours per night, and a 22 percent increase among men and women who got at least eight hours of sleep each night. A similar pattern was seen with superficial abdominal（腹部）fat.

   The findings, according to lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're tired during the day," she said.

There may be indirect effects; people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, relative to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss alters people's levels of appetite-regulating hormones（荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, cause them to overeat. Depression, which often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain, could also be a factor, Hairston noted.

1.Who may have the higher risk of being fat over the next five years?

A. Jack, a Hispanic man, aged 35, sleeps for 3 hours every night.

B. Candy, a black woman, aged 41, sleeps for about 5 hours every night.

C. Bob, an American, aged 50, sleeps for more than 12 hours every day.

D. John, a student in Africa, sleeps for more than 6 hours every week.

2.What does the study, reported in the Journal Sleep find?

A. Too little or too much sleep directly gives rise to the fat gain.

B. People are subject to heart disease due to the lack of sleep.

C. It is admitted that sleep plays an important part in our health.

D. Researchers find a longer sleep time is better for our health.

3.What does the lead researcher Dr. Kristen G. Hairston agree with?

A. People should do some exercise in their daily life.

B. There is a close link between sleep habits and health.

C. More nutrition is greatly needed when we lack sleep.

D. More and more people tend to sleep less than before.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Younger adults getting little or much sleep may become fat.

B. We are supposed to do exercise as much as possible to keep fit.

C. We should keep a good sleep habit to improve our health.

D. We have to spare no efforts to drive depression away.

5.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. Sleep Habits Linked to Fat Gain in Younger Adults.

B. Doing Exercise Is the Best Way to Keep Fit.

C. Our Waistlines Can Be Driven Away Right Now.

D. Diabetes No Longer bother all of Young People.

 

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