—Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington? —Never ___ it, actually.
A.had I learned B.have I learned C.I learnedD.was I learning
A

試題分析:考查倒轉(zhuǎn)句和時態(tài)。當否定詞或者半否定詞放在句首的時候,后面的句子使用部分倒裝的形式。本題的never屬于否定詞,放在句首,后面使用部分倒裝的形式。句意:—在你來華盛頓之前,你會一些法語嗎?—我從來都沒有學(xué)過。說明學(xué)法語是在來華盛頓之前,來華盛頓都使用了過去時,在這之前使用過去完成時。
點評:當否定詞或者半否定詞放在句首的時候,后面的句子使用部分倒裝的形式。部分倒裝:
部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強調(diào)成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活)
1) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法:
例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。)
In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(據(jù)說除了英國世界上沒有哪個國家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化)
2) 以否定副詞開頭并加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
3)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要求使用過去完成式。
注意:在部分倒裝句中,只有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞to be可以置于主語之前,其它部分都要置于主語之后。
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