3．When it comes to difficult puzzles，we're often told to take our time and think the problem through carefully，as any impulsive （憑借沖動(dòng)的） response we come up with stands a good chance of being wrong．But a new study suggests it might be better to trust your gut （魄力） after all．
Researchers in the US say that"aha!"moments-when all the pieces of a puzzle suddenly fall into place so we can produce the solution to a difficult problem-are real，and that sudden insight （領(lǐng)悟） is actually more reliable than finding an answer through the drawn-out process of methodical thought．
"Conscious （理性的），analytic thinking can sometimes be rushed or careless，leading to mistakes while solving a problem，"said John Kounios from Drexel University．"However，insight is unconscious and automatic-it can't be rushed．"
To test their idea that"aha!"moments could deliver more accurate responses than analytical thinking，Kounios and his team challenged participants to do a range of puzzles．Some were linguistic puzzles，some visual-based （以視覺為基礎(chǔ)的），and others combined both．
In the linguistic puzzles，the participants had to perform tasks such as finding the right word given a number of related word clues （線索）．In visual puzzles，an image might be scrambled （弄亂），and they'd have to say what they thought the unscrambled image originally showed．
In either case，each experiment consisted of 50to 180puzzles，with each puzzle being limited to about 15seconds．Once participants gave their response，they reported whether they came to the solution through a moment of insight or via a process of analytical thinking．
The findings，reported in Thinking & Reasoning，suggest that insight-or at least the extent （程度） to which participants chalked up their success to insight-wins out over analytical thought．
In the linguistic puzzles，94percent of insight responses were correct，against 78percent for analytic thinking．In visual puzzles the contrast was even more obvious：78percent vs 42percent．
Of course，research like this is only as reliable as the participants'self-reporting-and in experiments like this，their awareness of how they arrived at the solutions is a concept too blurry （模糊不清的） to accurately measure-but even so，the observable gap between insight and analytic thinking is interesting to note．
According to the researchers，one of the reasons analytic responses fared poorly against insight is that the puzzles were timed-leading to rushed，late responses with just seconds to spare，often the result of guessing based on analytical but incomplete deduction （推理）．
"Deadlines create a feeling of anxiety，"said Kounios．"Anxiety changes one's thinking from insightful to analytical．Deadlines are helpful in keeping people on task，but if creative ideas are needed，it's better to have a soft target date．A drop-dead deadline will get results，but they are less likely to be creative results．"
It does not mean that sudden moments of insight will necessarily help you to solve any kind of problem．As the researchers point out，complex prblems that have known strategic solutions-such as arithmetic （算術(shù)），for example-are often best solved through analytical thinking．But for puzzles where a set path hasn't already been well established，waiting for your insight to surface might just be the better approach．
"This means that in all kinds of personal and professional situations，when a person has a real sudden insight，then the idea has to be taken seriously，"said Kounios．"It may not always be correct，but it can have a higher probability of being right than an idea that is methodically worked out．"
65．According to Paragraph 2，an"aha!"moment means the time when peopleB．
A．spend a long time solving a problem properly
B．get the answer to a problem throug insight
C．find a reliable approach to creative thinking
D．try their best to avoid mistakes in arithmetic
66．The underlined"linguistic puzzles"in paragraph 4refer to the puzzles thatA．
A．a(chǎn)re connected with language or words
B．a(chǎn)re too hard for people to work out
C．have to be done during a limited period of time
D．people can only solve with the help of experience
67．According to the author，which of the following is probably a reason for doubting the conclusion drawn from the experiment led by John Kounios？C
A．The purpose of the experiment was impractical．
B．There were not enough participants in the experiment．
C．It's hard to ensure the accuracy of the participants'reports．
D．The experiment is too simple to cover all the cases in real life．
68．The researchers think the experiment fails to show the advantage of analytic thinking partly because ofC．
A．the participants'personalities
B．the large number of the puzzles
C．the limited time for the puzzles
D．the difference in the participants'habit
69．According to the passage，when people do arithmetic，it's better for them to useB．
A．insight
B．a(chǎn)nalytical thinking
C．both insight and analytical thinking
D．either insight or analytical thinking
70．John Kounios is most likely to agree thatD．
A．the more time one spends in solving a problem，the fewer mistakes they make
B．a(chǎn)nxiety can make people choose analysis rather than turn to insight
C．a(chǎn) drop-dead deadline is often considered to encourage people's creativity
D．it is often the case that a sudden insight is more reliable than analytical thought．
分析 遇到困難問題的時(shí)候，我們通常被告知慢慢來、仔細(xì)思考，殊不知這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高的錯(cuò)誤率．一項(xiàng)最新的研究表明有可能相信自己的魄力（領(lǐng)悟力）會(huì)更好．
解答 65題答案：B 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解，根據(jù)句子when all the pieces of a puzzle suddenly fall into place so we can produce the solution to a difficult problem-are real，and that sudden insight（當(dāng)難題的所有部分都變得有條不紊，因此我們可以得到解決困難問題的解決方法--是真的，而且這種突然的領(lǐng)悟…） 可知，"aha!"時(shí)刻是人們通過突然的領(lǐng)悟獲得的答案，故答案為B．
66題答案：A 考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)文章中的"In the linguistic puzzles，the participants had to perform tasks such as finding the right word given a number of related word clues （線索）．"（在"linguistic"難題中，參與者必須完成諸如通過給出一些相關(guān)單詞的線索來找出正確的單詞）可知本題答案為A選項(xiàng)．
67題答案：C 考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)后面的"their awareness of how they arrived at the solutions is a concept too blurry （模糊不清的） to accurately measure"（他們是如何得到解決方法的意識(shí)是個(gè)太過于模糊不清而無法準(zhǔn)確衡量的概念）可知本題答案為C選項(xiàng)．
68題答案：C 考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)文章中的"According to the researchers，one of the reasons analytic responses fared poorly against insight is that the puzzles were timed"（根據(jù)研究者，分析解答與領(lǐng)悟相比遭遇很慘的原因之一是這些困難是限時(shí)的）可知本題答案為C選項(xiàng)．
69題答案：B 考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)文章中的"such as arithmetic （算術(shù)），for example-are often best solved through analytical thinking"（例如算術(shù)，通常通過分析思考能得到最好的解決）可知本題答案為B選項(xiàng)．
70題答案：D 考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)最后一段的"It may not always be correct，but it can have a higher probability of being right than an idea that is methodically worked out．"（這（領(lǐng)悟）并不總是對(duì)的，但是它對(duì)的可能性相比于經(jīng)過條理計(jì)算得出的結(jié)果的可能性更高）可知本題答案為D選項(xiàng)．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì) 性找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案．
