Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級(jí)的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated（解釋）with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational（會(huì)話） usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
51. The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________.
A. a middle school teacher B. a college student
C. a senior high student D. a primary school student
52. According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ________.
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
53. Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
54. When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that ________.
A. the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D. the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：江蘇省宿遷市2010屆高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試試題（英語(yǔ)） 題型：閱讀理解
.
Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar(獨(dú)有) to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a double function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
?1.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
?A. a technical writing handbook B. a handbook on composition
?C. a book on a literary writing D. a scientific paper
2. In Part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
? A. Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
? B. Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
? C. Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
? D. Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
?3.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
? A. the chapter on Organization B. the chapter on Style
? C. the chapter on Special Problems D. the chapter on Proposals
?4. According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
? A. Part Ⅰ of the first edition
? B. Part Ⅱ of the second edition
? C. Part Ⅰ of the second edition
? D. Part Ⅱ of the third edition
?5. Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
? A. There isn’t the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
? B. The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
? C. The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
? D. There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年江蘇鹽城中學(xué)高三第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Preface to the fourth edition
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級(jí)的) and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on conversational forms.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of places, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “＝”sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM
1.The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for __________.
A. a middle school teacher B. a college student
C. a senior high student D. a primary school student
2.According to the passage, we know that this grammar book ___________.
A. compares modern English with old English
B. gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C. attaches more importance to conversational forms
D. pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
3.Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A. This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.
B. This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C. One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
D. It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
4.When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that _______.
A. the two parts before and after the sign “～”mean the same.
B. the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”.
C. the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says.
D. the two parts before and after “～”are said by two different people.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
B
Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar(獨(dú)有) to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a double function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
?1.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
?A. a technical writing handbook B. a handbook on composition
?C. a book on a literary writing D. a scientific paper
2. In Part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
? A. Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
? B. Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
? C. Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
? D. Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
?3.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
? A. the chapter on Organization B. the chapter on Style
? C. the chapter on Special Problems D. the chapter on Proposals
?4. According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
? A. Part Ⅰ of the first edition
? B. Part Ⅱ of the second edition
? C. Part Ⅰ of the second edition
? D. Part Ⅱ of the third edition
?5. Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
? A. There isn’t the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
? B. The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
? C. The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
? D. There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
B
Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar(獨(dú)有) to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a double function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
?1.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
?A. a technical writing handbook B. a handbook on composition
?C. a book on a literary writing D. a scientific paper
2. In Part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
? A. Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
? B. Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
? C. Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
? D. Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
?3.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
? A. the chapter on Organization B. the chapter on Style
? C. the chapter on Special Problems D. the chapter on Proposals
?4. According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
? A. Part Ⅰ of the first edition
? B. Part Ⅱ of the second edition
? C. Part Ⅰ of the second edition
? D. Part Ⅱ of the third edition
?5. Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
? A. There isn’t the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
? B. The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
? C. The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
? D. There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：宿遷市2010年高三年級(jí)模擬試卷（一） 題型：閱讀理解
Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar(獨(dú)有) to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a double function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
1.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
?A. a technical writing handbook B. a handbook on composition
?C. a book on a literary writing D. a scientific paper
2.In Part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
? A. Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
? B. Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
? C. Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
? D. Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
3.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
? A. the chapter on Organization B. the chapter on Style
? C. the chapter on Special Problems D. the chapter on Proposals
4.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
? A. Part Ⅰ of the first edition
? B. Part Ⅱ of the second edition
? C. Part Ⅰ of the second edition
? D. Part Ⅱ of the third edition
5.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
? A. There isn’t the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
? B. The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
? C. The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
? D. There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
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