Question

The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France，then adopted by historians of culture，by art historians，and eventually by music historians，all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450－1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values. Fulfillment in life—as opposed to concern about an afterlife—became a desirable goal，and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned(皺眉頭) on. Artists and writers now turned to secular(不朽的)as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed，experienced，discussed，and circulated. They could see the architectural monuments，sculptures(雕塑)，plays，and poems that were being rediscovered，but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers，poets，essayists，and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example，the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors，painters，architects，and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore，music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?

A．The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance.

B．The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance.

C．The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style.

D．The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance.

小題2:The underlined word “now” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.

A．1855

B．the period of the Renaissance

C．the time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome

D．the time at which the author wrote the passage

小題3:It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ________.

A．spirituality in everyday life

B．communication among artists across Europe

C．a(chǎn) cultural emphasis on human values

D．religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes

小題4:What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome?

A．Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts.

B．It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences.

C．It expressed more different ideals than classical sculpture，painting and poetry.

D．It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed.

小題5:According to the passage，why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?

A．It did not contain enough religious themes.

B．It had little emotional impact on audiences.

C．It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.

D．It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.

Answer 1

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A
小題5:B

試題分析：文章介紹歐洲的文藝復(fù)興，包括建筑，歷史，藝術(shù)，也是一種文化發(fā)展包括音樂風(fēng)格的改變，而音樂的復(fù)興沒有其他藝術(shù)的改革有效果。
小題1:主旨題：從文章第二段的句子：These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed，可知歐洲的文藝復(fù)興是一種文化發(fā)展包括音樂風(fēng)格的改變。選C
小題2:這篇文章講的是文藝復(fù)興時期的文化發(fā)展，這里now指的就是文藝復(fù)興的時期。選B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual values.可知文藝復(fù)興時期的思想家追求的是強調(diào)人性的文化。選C
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect.可以推斷出希臘和羅馬的音樂對聽眾的影響在很多經(jīng)典的作品里面都有表現(xiàn)。選A
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. 可知Bernardino Cirillo認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代音樂沒有古代音樂的影響力，所以很失望。選 。B
點評：文章介紹歐洲的文藝復(fù)興，包括音樂風(fēng)格的改變，而音樂的復(fù)興的效果很不明顯。文章內(nèi)容有一定難度，但結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，學(xué)生不難理解，以主旨題推理題的考查為主，解答此類題除了注意細(xì)節(jié)，也需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行的概括和判斷。