【題目】 Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.

“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分層的) layers in our trash deposits(沉積層). ” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.

The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.

Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.

According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.

“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.

The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.

【1】Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?

A.Because plastics are not naturally made.

B.Because humans create plastics.

C.Because plastics influence the world greatly.

D.Because historians and archaeologists think so.

【2】According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?

A.They are recycled.

B.They are degraded.

C.They are thrown away.

D.They are made into bottles.

【3】What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?

A.Negative.B.Ambiguous.

C.Favorable.D.Unconcerned.

【4】What is the main idea of this passage?

A.Plastics have ruined our environment.

B.We must stop using plastics altogether.

C.Human beings are in the Plastic Age.

D.Plastics are significant to human development.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。在我們所處的時(shí)代，塑料給我們的生活帶來了很大便利，但是也對(duì)環(huán)境造成了巨大損害

【1】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society.”可知，歷史學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家是使用對(duì)社會(huì)造成最大影響的技術(shù)或材料來界定人類歷史時(shí)期的，第一段第二句“But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.”可知，這個(gè)時(shí)代被稱為塑料時(shí)代，由此可推知，我們稱現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)代為塑料時(shí)代的原因是塑料極大地影響了世界，故選C。

【2】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾較少，更多的塑料垃圾最終被扔到垃圾場(chǎng)或海洋中了，由此可知，大部分垃圾被扔了，故選C。

【3】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 “Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade.This only adds to the problem. ”可知，塑料是人類對(duì)地球構(gòu)成做出的最顯著的改變之一。大多數(shù)塑料不易降解。這只會(huì)加劇問題。說明塑料帶來嚴(yán)重問題；根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾對(duì)社會(huì)造成的巨大負(fù)面影響，尤其在最后一段中 “The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways.”可知，塑料垃圾對(duì)社會(huì)可能已經(jīng)造成了損害，人們改變使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者對(duì)塑料時(shí)代持消極態(tài)度。故選A。

【4】

主旨大意題。由第一段話第一句 “Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society.”可知，歷史學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家是使用對(duì)社會(huì)造成最大影響的技術(shù)或材料來界定人類歷史時(shí)期的， 第一段第二句“But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.”可知，這個(gè)時(shí)代被稱為塑料時(shí)代，由此可推知，我們稱現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)代為塑料時(shí)代的原因是塑料極大地影響了世界，所以本文主要講述的是我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在處于塑料時(shí)代并解釋了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代被稱為塑料時(shí)代的原因。因此C項(xiàng)“人類處于塑料時(shí)代”是文章主旨。易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)，A 項(xiàng)的 “Plastics have ruined our environment”只是在說明塑料毀壞環(huán)境，既沒有說明成為塑料時(shí)代，也沒有點(diǎn)名對(duì)世界的嚴(yán)重影響，范圍比較小。故選C。

概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞)。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。該文是介紹一個(gè)研究的，該類文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的“Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society.”即可找到文章中心。

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