Question

For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
The implication(含義) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PHD, tested the effects of over-praise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
“Praising attributes(品質(zhì)) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges,” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”

1. 1.
   The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refer to kids who are ______
   1. A.
      tired of being praised
   2. B.
      worthy of being praised
   3. C.
      very proud of being praised
   4. D.
      extremely fond of being praised
2. 2.
   The author quoted Dr.Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article ______
   1. A.
      better-known
   2. B.
      better-organized
   3. C.
      more persuasive
   4. D.
      more interesting
3. 3.
   We can infer from the passage that _______
   1. A.
      praise for efforts should be more encouraged
   2. B.
      praise for results works better than praise for efforts
   3. C.
      praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life
   4. D.
      praising a child’s abilities encourages him or her to take on challenges

Answer 1

DCA
試題分析：多年來我們被告知鼓勵孩子的自尊心對孩子一生的成功更重要。但是兒童專家現(xiàn)在了解到太多的表揚可能會導致適得其反。被表揚上癮的孩子會事事處處都希望被表揚。通過測試400名學生發(fā)現(xiàn)：表揚孩子努力比表揚聰明會使學生在考試時做得更好。
1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn 判斷：Praise-aholic kids是指非常喜歡被表揚的孩子。故選D 。
2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，可以看到作者引用Dr.Dweck 的話是為了使文章更有說服力。A比較熟悉；B組織的更好；C 更有說服力；D 更有趣。故選C。
3.推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是第一段判斷;過度的表揚會造成相反的影響，第三段She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 表揚努力比表揚聰明使學生在考試時做得更好。故選A 。
考點：科普類短文閱讀。