11．假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文．文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處．每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改．
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（∧），并在此符號(hào)下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞．
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)（\）劃掉．
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞．
注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分．
I am a 18-year-old middle school student．I have been busy in my study and seldom help my parents with the housework．Felt quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help．
Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea：why give the rooms a thoroughly cleaning？Firstly，I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put it in place．Then I wiped the dust off all the furnitures．After that，I sweep and mopped the floors．
At this very moment，my parents returned back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining．My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes．Tired although I was，I never felt so happy．

分析 本文作者主要講述了一件令自己感到很高興的事情；文中講到：作為一名十八歲的中學(xué)生，由于整天忙于學(xué)習(xí)，很少幫父母做家務(wù)，所以作者很感到內(nèi)疚；上個(gè)星期天，趁父母外出買(mǎi)東西時(shí)，作者就突發(fā)奇想地為家里做了一次徹底的清潔；后來(lái)，當(dāng)作者看到母親的反應(yīng)時(shí)，他感到了從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)的快樂(lè)．

解答 I am a 18-year-old middle school student．I have been busy in my study and seldom help my parents with the housework．Felt quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help．
Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea：why∧give the rooms a thoroughly cleaning？Firstly，I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put it in place．Then I wiped the dust off all the furnitures．After that，I sweep and mopped the floors．
At this very moment，my parents  returned back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining．My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes．Tired although I was，I never felt so happy．
詳解：
1．將 a改為an   考查不定冠詞   此處表示泛指"一名十八歲的中學(xué)生"，由于eighteen（18）的首字母的發(fā)音為元音/ei/，故用an；
2．將 in改為with   考查固定短語(yǔ)的用法"be busy in"與"be busy with"都是"忙于做某事"的意思；前者其后通常接doing，而后者其后通常跟名詞；由于此處后接名詞"my study"故用with；
3．將 Felt改為Feeling    考查現(xiàn)在分詞    此處在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，由于動(dòng)詞feel與其邏輯主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成了主謂關(guān)系；故用現(xiàn)在分詞Feeling；
4．why 后加not   考查固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)     根據(jù)上文可知，本句的意思是：我突然有了一個(gè)想法：為什么不給房間進(jìn)行一次徹底的清潔呢？"Why not do…？"意為：為什么不…呢？通常用于給某人提建議；故在why之后加not；  
5．將thoroughly改為thorough  考查形容詞   此處用來(lái)修飾名詞cleaning，故用形容詞thorough；
6．將it改為them  考查人稱(chēng)代詞    本句的意思是：我把所有的書(shū)，報(bào)紙和其他散落在房間里的物品收集在一起，并把他們放在了合適的位置；此處在句中作動(dòng)詞 put 的賓語(yǔ)，指代的是"all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms"，故用them；
7．將furnitures改為furniture   考查名詞    由于集體名詞furniture為不可數(shù)名詞，不能加s；故用furniture；
8．將 sweep改為swept    考查時(shí)態(tài)    此處與動(dòng)詞mopped 一起在句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文可知，此處講述的是"Last Sunday"（上個(gè)星期天）發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；故用swept；
9．去掉back    考查動(dòng)詞return的用法    此處的意思是：我父母回來(lái)了； return back意為：回歸，歸還；由于動(dòng)詞"return=go back"意為"回來(lái)，返回"；故去掉其后的副詞back；
10．將 although改為though或者as     考查連詞      雖然連詞although可以用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但不能用于倒裝句中；故改為though或者as．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 短文改錯(cuò)是集語(yǔ)法知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言技能為一體的綜合性試題，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇三要素的把握能力．錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型一般有：缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞．常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤有：1 詞法錯(cuò)誤，主要包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞等詞類(lèi)誤用、同義詞混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需要正確分析句子成分，熟練掌握各詞類(lèi)的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常見(jiàn)句法錯(cuò)誤．通常表現(xiàn)為簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句以及疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等錯(cuò)誤．解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需要掌握各類(lèi)句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及意義用法．3 應(yīng)在理解文章大意的前提下，進(jìn)行作答．

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