11．The current Ebola （埃博拉病毒）outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3，069 people，including 1，552 dead，making it the largest outbreak in history．Ebola is a deadly virus-about 60 percent of people infected with it have died．
How is Ebola doing its harm？
When a person becomes infected with Ebola，the virus damages the body's immune （免疫的）cells，which defend against infection，said a researcher at Lancaster University．But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack，then he is more likely to survive the disease．
The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system．But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack，then the immune system becomes less able to regulate（調(diào)節(jié)） itself．This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control，leading to a drop in blood pressure，multi-organ failure and eventually death．
What are the common symptoms of the disease？
Fever．Headache．Joint and muscle aches．Weakness．Diarrhea．Vomiting．Stomach pain．Lack of appetite．Chills．Rash．Redness in the eyes．Hiccups．Cough．Sore throat．Chest pain．Difficult breathing or swallowing．Bleeding inside and outside of the body．
How to prevent the spread of Ebola？
Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients，specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient．
We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing，bedding，and needles used by them．Avoid areas where infections have been reported．For now，the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa，four cases in America and Europe．Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat．Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals，probably through the meat of primates（靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)）．If you're in an area where the disease has been reported，avoid purchasing，eating，or handling wild game to stay on the safe side．
Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients．Extreme caution is necessary．Hospital workers must use masks，gloves，goggles，and gowns，which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients．
How Do People Survive Ebola？
Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola，and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease．Although in the minority，some people do recover from infection．
Our suggestions include：
Maintain your electrolytes（電解質(zhì)） and body liquid．Sports drinks can be used．Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary．Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection．Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment．Quickly address any symptoms of infection．Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain．
12．Ebola causes the death of a human being byC．
A．a(chǎn)ttacking him with high fever
B．regulating his immune system
C．damaging his immune cells
D．harming all his organs directly
13．What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola？D
A．Fever and chills
B．Swallowing difficulty
C．Lack of appetite
D．High blood pressure
14．I n order not to be infected by Ebola，we shouldB．
A．have the clothing of the infected cleaned
B．a(chǎn)void eating wild animals like monkeys
C．not travel to Africa，America or Europe
D．stay at home without going anywhere
15．It is true thatA．
A．a(chǎn) certain number of people survive Ebola
B．human has found a special cure for Ebola
C．oxygen can save infected people's lives
D．low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola．
分析 當(dāng)一個(gè)人被Ebola，感染時(shí)，病毒就傷害了身體的免疫細(xì)胞．研究者懷疑疾病是通過(guò)動(dòng)物傳給人的，很可能是通過(guò)靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)的肉．提醒人們避免吃野生野味．
解答 12．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一小標(biāo)題第一段第一句When a person becomes infected with Ebola，the virus damages the body's immune （免疫的） cells，當(dāng)一個(gè)人被Ebola，感染時(shí)，病毒就傷害了身體的免疫細(xì)胞．故選C．
13．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二小標(biāo)題中Fever．Headache．Joint and muscle aches．Weakness．Diarrhea．Vomiting．Stomach pain．Lack of appetite．Chills．Rash．Redness in the eyes．Hiccups．Cough．Sore throat．Chest pain．Difficult breathing or swallowing．Bleeding inside and outside of the body．從這里可知文中提到了Fever 發(fā)燒，Chills冷，Difficult breathing or swallowing呼吸或吞咽困難，Bleeding inside and outside of the body．血流到身體外面．文中未提到High blood pressure．高血壓．故選D．
14．B推理判斷題．根據(jù)第三小標(biāo)題第二段第三句Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat．Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals，probably through the meat of primates（靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)）．避免吃野生野味．研究者懷疑疾病是通過(guò)動(dòng)物傳給人的，很可能是通過(guò)靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)的肉．故選B．
15．A推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四小標(biāo)題第一段第二句Although in the minority，some people do recover from infection．盡管是少數(shù)，一些人確實(shí)從感染中恢復(fù)了．故選A．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)閱讀，題目涉及多道主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題．做題時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文，把握文章主要內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)含義，從中選出正確答案，一定要做到有理有據(jù)，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)．
