If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls task like eating and breathing, does not contract with age.
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility,” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.”
小題1:The team of doctors wanted to find out _____.
A．a(chǎn)t what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains
D．which people are the most clever
小題2:Their research findings are based on _____.
A．a(chǎn)n examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
小題3:The doctors’ tests show that _____.
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
小題4:The most possible conclusion of the passage is that _____.
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:C

試題分析：文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)：不經(jīng)常用腦的人的大腦比經(jīng)常用腦的人會更早的時候分散注意力。所以要想保持大腦的年輕要多動腦子。
小題1:主旨題：從第二段的句子：Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.可知這項(xiàng)調(diào)查是想弄清在什么時候人會在精神上變老。選A
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs.可知這項(xiàng)研究是建立在對1000個人的腦量的檢測的基礎(chǔ)上，選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties,可知有的人的大腦比別人在更早的時候會分散注意力，選D
小題4:推理題：從倒數(shù)第二段的句子：Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.可知人的大腦不經(jīng)常使用會變老，選C
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

We all need a healthy environment. ____, we produce waste every day and it ____ harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do ____ to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real ____ to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a ____ life.
Remember these three _____: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means “use less”. Don't ____ things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really ____ or maybe the ____ one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from a ____ country.
Reuse means “use again”. Use things for ____ possible. When we buy things, make sure that they ____ a long time. We should take care of them ____ they will last, and we should ____ them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them ____.
Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it ____ energy to change something into something else, it’s better than ____ things or burning them. Find out ____ can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy ____ made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save ____.
小題1:
A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Besides
小題2:
A．givesB．takesC．causesD．does
小題3:
A．somethingB．everythingC．nothingD．everything
小題4:
A．differenceB．mistakeC．effectD．help
小題5:
A．busyB．hardC．greenD．happy
小題6:
A．lettersB．wordsC．sentencesD．lessons
小題7:
A．buyB．produceC．saveD．waste
小題8:
A．necessaryB．importantC．helpfulD．useful
小題9:
A．cheapB．expensiveC．newD．old
小題10:
A．richB．developedC．foreignD．poor
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)s soon asB．a(chǎn)s long asC．a(chǎn)s much asD．a(chǎn)s well as
小題12:
A．useB．lastC．keepD．live
小題13:
A．so thatB．ifC．becauseD．though
小題14:
A．sellB．lendC．throwD．repair
小題15:
A．lessB．moreC．a(chǎn)gainD．better
小題16:
A．costsB．spendsC．takesD．pays
小題17:
A．throwing awayB．putting awayC．taking awayD．giving away
小題18:
A．thatB．whichC．whatD．how
小題19:
A．cupsB．bagsC．boxesD．products
小題20:
A．moneyB．treesC．paperD．time

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A regular drop in the sun’s radiation(輻射) can cause unusually cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries prepare for snowstorms.
Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation measured by sunspots on the surface reaches a peak then falls. But explaining a clear connection to weather is harder.
“Our research confirms the observed connection between solar change and regional winter climate,” lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email. The study was published in the magazine Nature Geoscience on Monday.
The researchers found that the reducing of ultraviolet(UV，紫外線) radiation from the sun can affect high-altitude wind patterns in the Northern Hemisphere(半球), causing cold winters.
“While UV levels won’t tell us what the day-to-day weather will do, they show us the bright future of improved forecasts for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These forecasts play an important role in long-term possibility planning,” Ineson, a climate scientist, said.
Ineson and colleagues from Imperial College London and the University of Oxford used satellite data that more accurately(精確的) measures UV radiation from the sun and found a much greater change than previously thought.
They found that in years of low activity, unusually cold air forms high in the atmosphere over the tropics. This causes a redistribution(重新分配) of heat in the atmosphere, making easterly winds that bring freezing weather and snowstorms to northern Europe and the United States and milder weather to Canada and the Mediterranean.
When solar UV radiation is stronger, the opposite occurs.
More study was needed, though. A key uncertainty in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it covers only a few years. “So questions remain concerning both accuracy(精確) and also applicability to other solar cycles,” she said.
小題1:The new finding claims cold winters in the North Hemisphere can be caused by ______.
A．a(chǎn) sharp rise in the amount of sunspots
B．a(chǎn) drop in the sun’s UV radiation
C．a(chǎn) complex computer model simulation
D．a(chǎn) clear link between the sun and the earth
小題2: It has long been known by scientists that ______.
A．UV radiation can affect high-altitude wind patterns
B．there’s a clear connection between the sun’s activity and weather
C．the sun’s radiation reaches a peak every eleven years
D．they can predict day-to-day weather conditions from UV levels
小題3:What will happen if the sun turns into years of high activity according to the finding?
A．Canada and the Mediterranean will have milder weather.
B．The whole Northern Hemisphere will suffer from extreme winter days.
C．Freezing cold weather will appear in northern Europe.
D．Burning hot weather will appear in the United States.
小題4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．researchers have analyzed the data collected in eleven years
B．long-term weather conditions can be accurately predicted depending on UV levels
C．the research doesn’t seem correct and true enough due to limited satellite data used
D．climate scientists have just begun their research in severe weather forecast

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable materials that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents(等同物).
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Main-stream is about to occur,” says Hahn.
Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that eco-fashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied, “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
小題1:What is said about Future Fashion?
A．It inspired leading designers to start going green.
B．It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.
C．It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.
D．It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.
小題2:According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that ________.
A．much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials
B．they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials
C．customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials
D．quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available
小題3:We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion ________.
A．can attend various trade shows for free
B．a(chǎn)re readily recognized by the fashion world
C．can buy organic cotton at favorable prices
D．a(chǎn)re gaining more and more support
小題4:What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward eco-fashion?
A．She doesn’t seem to care about it.
B．She doesn’t think it is sustainable.
C．She is doubtful of its practical value.
D．She is opposed to the idea very much.
小題5:What does the author think of green fashion?
A．Green products will soon go main stream.
B．It has a very promising future.
C．Consumers have the final say.
D．It will appeal more to young people.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For medical students, real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital. These doctors in training are guided. But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured.
For example, they might stick themselves with a needle while treating patients. Such needle sticks are common. But a recent study found that medical students often fail to report them. Failing to report an injury like this can be dangerous if a patient, or a medical worker, has an infectious disease.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, did the study, which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States.
Almost 60% said they had suffered needle stick injuries when they were in medical school. Many said they were stuck more than once. Yet nearly half of those whose most recent incident happened in school did not report it to a health office. If they had, they would have been tested to see if they needed treatment to prevent an infection like HIV or hepatitis.
Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported, but other possible infections often are not. Martin Makary, the lead author of the study, says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases.
Doctor Makary said, "A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible.” Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches (縫線) in some cases to close the skin after an operation.
Doctor Makary said, “I support using blunt tip needles which are considered safer. This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue, but it does have a blunt tip, so that if it accidentally goes into my finger, it's much less likely to hurt me."
How common are needle sticks among health care workers? An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 of these and similar injuries are reported each year in the United States. But Doctor Makary says the real number may be much higher.
The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves. It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured. The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident.
小題1:It is dangerous for medical students not to report needle stick injuries because _________.
A．they don’t know how to treat themselves.
B．they may meet more needle sticks
C．it may cause some diseases
D．it may make patients sad.
小題2:If they report needle stick injuries, medical students will __________.
A．receive treatmentB．be forbidden to use sharp needles
C．spend more time on trainingD．receive tests
小題3:The underlined word “blunt” in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to “__________”.
A．not sharpB．not safeC．not longD．not thick
小題4:What do we know from the passage?
A．Doctors who don’t report needle stick injuries will be punished.
B．Needle sticks among health care workers will reduce sharply in the future.
C．Most needle stick injuries happen in the United States.
D．Two suggestions are given to protect medical workers and students.
小題5:Where can this passage most probably be found?
A．In an entertainment magazineB．In a science magazine
C．In a storybookD．In science fiction

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some snakes eat other snakes, even poisonous ones. The poison does not do them any harm(傷害). Snakes can swallow(吞下) things that are bigger around than they themselves are. This is possible because the jawbones(腭骨) are loosely joined, and the mouth can stretch（伸展）to make room for a fat animal. The snake’s slim body stretches to make space for the animal when it is inside.
Many snakes eat birds’ eggs or frogs（青蛙）. Others eat pests（害蟲）, mice and other animals that harm crops on farms. Because snakes do this valuable work, you should never kill one. It is too dangerous for you to kill a poisonous one. Leave that job to experts.
小題1: Which of the following groups of food is usually had by a snake?
A．Mice, crops, birds’ eggs.
B．Pests, frogs, some animals, plants.
C．Birds’ eggs, frogs, all animals, other snakes.
D．Mice, frogs, pests, some animals, other snakes.
小題2:We should not kill a snake because       
A．it is poisonous
B．it can do something useful for man
C．it will strike you in return
D．we are not experts
小題3:Snakes may do some valuable work by       
A．eating pests, mice and some harmful animals
B．doing harm to other animals
C．eating birds’ eggs and frogs
D．both A and C
小題4:In writing this passage the writer mainly wants us to       
A．have a better impression(印象) about snakes
B．like snakes
C．kill snakes with the help of experts
D．regard snakes as one of man’s best friends

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

China needs to set absolute restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions(釋放) if it is to fulfill its aim to set up a carbon market over the next five years, a cabinet office think tank said in a paper.
“It is only under an absolute emissions cap that carbon emission permits will become a scarce resource and possess the qualities of a commodity,” the State Council?s Development and Research Center said in a paper in Seeking Truth, a magazine published by the ruling party.
China has traditionally baulked(猶豫) at the idea of emissions caps either on a regional basis or for industrial sectors, invoking a key Kyoto protocol principle that puts most of the burden of cutting green-house gases on developed countries.
China, the world ‘s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has also been under external pressure to make stronger commitments in the battle against global warming .The country has been the biggest beneficiary(受益人) of the Clean Development Mechanism, a UN-backed scheme that allows industrialized countries to meet their CO2 reduction targets by purchasing certified emission reductions or CERs from low-carbon projects launched in developing nations.
However, the European Union, the biggest buyer of CERs, has said it will not accept CERs generated by Chinese projects once the first phase of its Emissions Trading Scheme ends in 2012, though projects already registered will remain valid.
小題1: What does China hope to do in the next five years?
A．to cut its emissions by 45%
B．to set up a carbon market
C．to have lower emissions than other countries
D．to increase both emissions and production
小題2: China agreeing to limit emissions now because______
A．they care about the environment
B．emissions harm people’s health
C．of pressure from other countries
D．they want more profit for their factories
小題3:How does the CER scheme work?
A．Countries can buy the right to produce as much carbon emissions as they like.
B．All countries are required to set a carbon emissions cap and can then get certificates on how developed their environmental programme is.
C．Developed countries are allowed to produce more emissions than industrial countries.
D．Developed countries can buy the right to produce more carbon emissions from developing countries that produce less.
小題4: What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Air pollution is still increasing the problem of climate change all over the world.
B．China is still resisting cutting emissions as it is necessary for the manufacturing industry.
C．China believes that it is free from meeting international standards on emissions.
D．China will need to cut its emissions in the near future in order to keep up with the international community

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.
It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.
The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a  failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.
Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light­rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.
On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?
I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.
小題1: According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?
A．Building confidence in herself.
B．Reducing her use of private cars.
C．Developing her sense of direction.
D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles.
小題2: The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．displayedB．justifiedC．ignoredD．ruined
小題3: Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?
A．Airplane.B．Subway.C．Train.D．Car.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In general, people talk about two groups of colours warm colours and cool colours. Researchers in psychology think that there are also two groups of people people who prefer warm colours and people who prefer cool colours.
The warm colours are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colours and a lot of light, people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Sociable people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colours are green, blue and violet. These colours, unlike warm colours , are relaxing. Where there are cool colours, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue.
Red may be exciting, but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colours than in a room with cool colours. He suggests that a warm colour, such as red or orange is a good colour for a living room or restaurant. People who are relaxing or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colours are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.
Researchers do not know why people think some colours are warm and other colours are cool. However, almost everyone agrees that red, orange, and yellow are warm and that green, blue and violet are cool. Perhaps warm colours remind people of warm days and the cool colours remind them of cool days. Because in the north the sun is higher during summer, the hot summer sunlight appears yellow.
小題1:Which of the following colours belong to cool colours?
A．Yellow, green.B．Blue, violet.
C．Black, blue.D．Brown, white.
小題2:Which of the following statements is not true?
A．Sociable people like warm colours.
B．Warm colours can make people excited.
C．People who like to be with others don’t like red.
D．Where there are warm colours, people want to be active.
小題3:Which is the right colour for different rooms?
A．Red or orange for offices.
B．Orange for dining-rooms.
C．Blue for bedrooms.
D．Red for studies.
小題4:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．It shows the reason why people think some colours are warm and others are cool.
B．Warm colours remind people of warm days.
C．Cool colours remind people of cool days.
D．People have an agreeable opinion of warm colours and cool colours.

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