Alexander von Humboldt was born in 1769 in Berlin, Germany. As a young boy, he wanted to learn about the world. Humboldt followed his dream. In 1799, he traveled with a friend to Central and South America.

On their trip, Humboldt and his friend saw and did many things. They sailed down the Amazon River. They watched dolphins play in the ocean. They explored the rain forest and climbed mountains and volcanoes. They were able to make the first maps of the northern part of South America.

Humboldt set a world record for mountain climbing. He also made a discovery. During his climb, Humboldt became very sick. He found out that the higher he climbed, the less oxygen there was in the air. This made it more difficult to breathe. Later, this became known as mountain sickness.

Science was another part of Humboldt’s interests. He wanted to write about all of the new things he saw. He described the new plants, animals, and rocks which had never been seen by scientists before.

Humboldt also studied the way of life of the local people. He learned how the native people along the Amazon River used plants in their daily lives. For example, they used a strong poison from a vine(蔓生植物) to make poisoned arrows. The natives used these arrows for hunting their food.

The Amazon Indians also used a native plant to treat malaria (瘧疾), a serious illness. The plant grew wild, but after it was dug up, it was never replanted. Humboldt warned the natives that the plant was in danger of dying out. He looked for ways to preserve the plant and to make it grow strong.

Although Humboldt took many risks during his trip, he lived to be 90 years old. In his lifetime, he made many discoveries and shared them with the world. As a tribute (頌揚(yáng)) to Humboldt, there are rivers and mountains named after him.

1.We can infer that Humboldt was probably a (n) ________.

A. explorerB. inventorC. doctorD. writer

2.Humboldt and his friend made maps of ________.

A. the central part of South America

B. the northern part of South America

C. the north part of Central America

D. the southern part of Central America

3.What do we know about mountain sickness?

A. It can be treated with a plant.

B. It is a serious illness like malaria.

C. It mainly influences one’s breathing.

D. It was discovered by Humboldt’s friend.

4.We can tell from the text that Humboldt was ________.

A. easy-goingB. imaginativeC. optimisticD. ambitious

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My friend’s grandfather came to America from a farm in Thailand. After arriving in New York, he went into a cafeteria(自助餐廳) in Manhattan to get something to eat. He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. Of course nobody did. Finally, a woman with a big plate full of food came up to him. She sat down opposite him and told him how a cafeteria worked.

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Back in the 1860s, a British scientist named Henry Walter Bates noticed something interesting in the animal world: a kind of butterfly, Common Mormon, can change the pattern on its wings so that it looks like another butterfly species, the Common Rose, which is poisonous for birds to eat.

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Around twenty years ago I was living in York. I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree，I could not find work.

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Tom is studying in Oxford and has just bought a new bike. He is worried about security. His

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A lot of crime is against bicycles. Many bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps.

Basic Security

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For every cup of coffee you made, about two spoons of grounds end up in the waste. That doesn’t seem like a lot, but just think about the millions of coffees consumed around the world every single day, and you’ll see the problem. Sure, some of those coffee grounds are recycled as fertilizer to enrich the soil or beauty products like face masks, but most will be buried into the ground. It was while considering this issue that German product designer Julian Lechner came up with a new way of recycling coffee grounds — turning them into tableware.

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“We tried combining with a lot of different things,” Lechner said, “We even tried sugar. That was close, but basically it was a candy cup. It just kept melting after being used three times.” The whole point was to make it last long, so Lechner and his partners went back to the institute to continue their research. Finally, after many failed experiments, they came up with a mix of coffee grounds and a biopolymer(生物高聚物) that seemed to behave the way Lechner had expected it.

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Lechner will soon launch a larger line of coffee grounds cups and also work on a travel mug. But those are just short-term plans, as Lechner hopes to one day use recycled coffee grounds to create all sort of useful stuff—like sheets and furniture in cafés and restaurants.

1.What do people do with coffee grounds before Lechner?

A. Make products beautiful.

B. Improve the soil.

C. Produce drinking cups.

D. Create solid materials.

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A. Candy cups can last longer than coffee cups.

B. Coffee grounds are rich in biopolymer.

C. Biopolymer can get coffee cups used repeatedly.

D. Lechner invented coffee cups alone.

3.What does the underlined phrase refer to in Paragraph 4?

A. Profits from coffee cup business.

B. Creation of coffee cups.

C. Decreasing demands for coffee grounds.

D. Consumption of delicious iced coffee.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. A new way of recycling coffee cups.

B. Commercial success from consuming coffee.

C. Recycling coffee grounds into stuff like coffee cups.

D. Different product designers of recycling coffee grounds.

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